Invariant rings of sums of fundamental representations of SL_n and colored hypergraphs

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2021.107929MaRDI QIDQ2048636zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 23 August 2021

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.09642

colored hypergraphs fundamental representations invariant rings special linear group

Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs (05C15) Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants (15A72) Linear algebraic groups over the reals, the complexes, the quaternions (20G20)

Abstract: The fundamental representations of the special linear group

{m S L}_{n}

over the complex numbers are the exterior powers of

m a t h b b C^{n}

. We consider the invariant rings of sums of arbitrary many copies of these

{m S L}_{n}

-modules. The symbolic method for antisymmetric tensors developed by Grosshans, Rota and Stein is used, but instead of brackets, we associate colored hypergraphs to the invariants. This approach allows us to use results and insights from graph theory. In particular, we determine (minimal) generating sets of the invariant rings in the case of

{m S L}_{4}

and

{m S L}_{5}

, as well as syzygies for

{m S L}_{4}

. Since the invariants constitute incidence geometry of linear subspaces of the projective space

m a t h b b P_{n - 1}

, the generating invariants provide (minimal) sets of geometric relations that are able to describe all others.

Review text

In the paper under review, the author describes a new symbolic method, by using colored hypergraphs and by using this new method, the invariant rings of (sums of) fundamental representations of \(\operatorname{SL}_n\) are classified for \(n=4, 5\) and the relations (so called syzygies) are also obtained for \(\operatorname{SL}_4.\) The research is somewhat an extension of the previous work of \textit{F. D. Grosshans} et al. [Invariant theory and superalgebras. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1987; Zbl 0648.15020)] which involves superalgebras and also the author's recent work about the classification of \(\operatorname{SL}_n\) representations for which their invariant rings form a complete intersection [Transform. Groups 26, No. 1, 115--144 (2021; Zbl 1482.20025)]. The paper includes many simple examples to follow the new method and showing by examples where the classical symbolic method (i.e., bracket monomials) fails but it is more convenient to do this with colored hypergraphs. The graphsums \(\Upsilon_1,\dotsc,\Upsilon_k\) are called \emph{reducibly independent} if the only reducible linear combination \(\sum a_i\Upsilon_i\) is the trivial one. Based on this definition, the main result of the paper declares that there is a bijection between maximal reducibly independent graphsums and generators of the invariant ring \(\mathbb{C}[W]^{\operatorname{SL}_n}.\) It is also worth to mention that the colored hypergraphs used are nicely plotted making it easy to follow the arguments. Moreover, in the last part (Section 7) several possible extensions of this technique are described.

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