Continuous selections and prime numbers

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2021.107882MaRDI QIDQ2052567zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jorge Antonio Cruz Chapital

Publication date 26 November 2021

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08496

zbMATH Keywords

continuoushyperspacenumbersorderabilityprimeselectionstopology

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hyperspaces in general topology (54B20) Selections in general topology (54C65)

Abstract: Let $(X,au)$ be a Hausdorff space and $ninomega$. We prove that if $X$ admits a continuous selection over $mathcal{F}_n(X)$ (nonempty subsets of $X$ of cardinality at most $n$), then for every $nleqmleq2n$ such that $m$ is not a prime number, $X$ admits a continuous selection over $[X{]}^m$ (subsets of $X$ of cardinality $m$). As a consequence of this, a space $X$ admits a continuous selection for every natural number if and only if the same is true for every prime number. For Hausdorff spaces $(X,au)$ which admit continuous selections over $[X{]}^2$, we characterize the existence of continuous selections over $[X{]}^n$ for $ngeq2$, in terms of a covering-type property.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a Hausdorff space and \(\mathcal{F}(X)\) the space of all nonempty closed subsets of \(X\) with the Vietoris topology. For a subspace \(\mathfrak{F}\) of \(\mathcal{F}(X)\), a map \(f : \mathfrak{F} \to X\) is called a continuous selection for \(\mathfrak{F}\) if \(f\) is continuous and \(f(A) \in A \) for every \(A \in \mathfrak{F}\). For a positive integer \(n\), let \(\mathcal{F}_n(X) =\{S \subset X: 1 \leq |X|\leq n \}\) and \([X]^n = \{ S \subset X : |X| =n\}\) be equipped with the relative topologies of \(\mathcal{F}(X)\). Let \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\leq n}^c(X)\) and \(\mathrm{Sel}_{n}^c(X)\) denote the set of all continuous selections for \(\mathcal{F}_n(X)\) and those for \([X]^n\), respectively. The following problem was posed by \textit{V. Gutev} and \textit{T. Nogura} [Appl. Gen. Topol. 5, No. 1, 71--78 (2004; Zbl 1064.54014)]: Does there exist a Hausdorff space \(X\) such that \(\mathrm{Sel}_{2}^c(X)\ne \emptyset\), but \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\leq n}^c(X) = \emptyset\) for some \(n>2\)? \textit{M. Hrušák} and \textit{I. Martínez-Ruiz} [Fundam. Math. 203, No. 1, 1--20 (2009; Zbl 1170.54008)] proved that the answer to this problem is negative for every separable space. But the problem for more general spaces is still open even in the case \(n=3\). Concerning this problem, \textit{V. Gutev} [Topology Appl. 157, No. 1, 83-89 (2010; Zbl 1186.54014)] proved the following theorems: If \(X\) is a Hausdorff space such that \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\leq n}^c(X) \ne \emptyset \ne \mathrm{Sel}_{n+1}^c(X)\) for \(n \geq 2\), then \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\leq n+1}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\). If \(X\) is a Hausdorff space such that \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\leq 2n+1}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\) for \(n \geq 1\), then \(\mathrm{Sel}_{2n+2}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\). In this paper, the author generalizes the latter theorem of Gutev by proving the following theorem: If \(X\) is a Hausdorff space such that \(\mathrm{Sel}_{\leq n}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\) for \(n \geq 2\) and \(m\) is an integer such that \(n\leq m\leq 2n\) and \(m\) is not a prime number, then \(\mathrm{Sel}_{m}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\). It is also proved that, for any Hausdorff space \(X\), \(\mathrm{Sel}_{n}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\) for every \(n\geq 2\) if and only if \(\mathrm{Sel}_{p}^c(X) \ne \emptyset\) for every prime number \(p\).

Recommendations

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1145880
• Extensions of 2-point selections
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 5244582
• Scattered spaces and selections
• Vietoris continuous selections and disconnectedness-like properties
• Selections and hyperspaces
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Cites work

• Extensions of 2-point selections
• Selections and deleted symmetric products
• Selections and hyperspaces of finite sets
• Selections and Orderability
• Selections and weak orderability
• Some problems on selections for hyperspace topologies
• Topologies on Spaces of Subsets
• Weak selections and flows in networks.

Cited in

(1)

• Selections and deleted symmetric products

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