Generalization of some weighted zero-sum theorems

DOI10.1007/S12044-021-00631-WMaRDI QIDQ2052866zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 29 November 2021

Published in Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences. Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00461

Sequences (mod (m)) (11B50) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75) Partitions; congruences and congruential restrictions (11P83)

Abstract: Let

G

be a finite abelian group of exponent

n

and let

A

be a non-empty subset of

[1, n - 1]

. The Davenport constant of

G

with weight

A

, denoted by

D_{A} (G)

, is defined to be the least positive integer

e l l

such that any sequence over

G

of length

e l l

has a non-empty

A

-weighted zero-sum subsequence. Similarly, the combinatorial invariant

E_{A} (G)

is defined to be the least positive integer

e l l

such that any sequence over

G

of length

e l l

has an

A

-weighted zero-sum subsequence of length

| G |

. In this article, we determine the exact value of

D_{A} (m a t h b b Z_{n})

, for some particular values of

n

, where

A

is the set of all cubes in

m a t h b b Z_{n}^{*}

. We also determine the structure of the related extremal sequence in this case.

Review text

Let \(G\) be a finite abelian group. A sequence over \(G\) is a finite unorder sequence with terms from \(G\) and repetition allowed. Let \(A\subset \mathbb Z\setminus \{0\}\). A nonempty sequence \(S=g_1\cdot\ldots\cdot g_{\ell}\) over \(G\) is said to be a \(A\)-weighted zero-sum sequence if there exists \((w_1,\ldots,w_{\ell})\in A^{\ell}\) such that \(\sum_{i=1}^{\ell}w_ig_i=0\). We define \(\mathsf D_A(G)\) to be the smallest integer \(t\) such that every sequence \(S\) over \(G\) of length \(\ge t\) has a \(A\)-weighted zero-sum subsequence and define \(\mathsf E_A(G)\) to be the smallest integer \(t\) such that every sequence \(S\) over \(G\) of length \(|S|\ge t\) has a \(A\)-weighted zero-sum subsequence of length \(|G|\). In particular, if \(A=\{1\}\), then \(\mathsf D_A(G)=\mathsf D(G)\) is the classical Davenport constant and \(\mathsf E_A(G)\) is the classical Gao constant. In this paper, the authors consider the above invariants \(\mathsf D_A(G)\) and \(\mathsf E_A(G)\) for cyclic groups \(G\) with weights \[ A=\{x\in [1, |G|-1] : \text{ there exists }y\in [1, |G-1|] \text{ such that } x\equiv y^3\pmod {|G|} \}\,, \] and obtain some upper bounds.

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