Nondegeneracy of heteroclinic orbits for a class of potentials on the plane

DOI10.1016/J.AML.2021.107681MaRDI QIDQ2060935zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jacek Jendrej, Panayotis Smyrnelis

Publication date 13 December 2021

Published in Applied Mathematics Letters (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.10804, http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11824/1336

zbMATH Keywords

Hamiltonian systemsheteroclinic orbitminimizernondegeneratephase transition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits for dynamical systems (37C29) Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37J46)

Abstract: In the scalar case, the nondegeneracy of heteroclinic orbits is a well-known property, commonly used in problems involving nonlinear elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic P.D.E. On the other hand, Schatzman proved that in the vector case this assumption is generic, in the sense that for any potential $W:mathbb{R}^{m}omathbbR$, $mgeq2$, there exists an arbitrary small perturbation of $W$, such that for the new potential minimal heteroclinic orbits are nondegenerate. However, to the best of our knowledge, nontrivial explicit examples of such potentials are not available. In this paper, we prove the nondegeneracy of heteroclinic orbits for potentials $$ that can be written as $W(z)=|f(z){|}^2$, with $f:mathbbComathbbC$ a holomorphic function.

Review text

Consider the following Hamiltonian system: \[ \ddot{u}(t) - \nabla W (u(t))=0, \ t \in \mathbb{R}, \] where \(W: \mathbb{R}^m \longrightarrow [0,+\infty), m\geq 1,\) vanishing on a set \(A\) of isolated points. A heteroclinic orbit of the above system is a solution \(u\in C^2(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^m)\) such that \[ \lim_{t\longrightarrow \pm\infty} u(t)=a^{\pm}\ \text{ for some }\ a^{+}\neq a^{-}, \left\{a^-, a^+\right\}\subset A. \] The authors prove the nondegeneracy of heteroclinic orbits when \(m=2\) and the potentials \(W\) are of the form \(W=|f(z)|^2,\) with \(f: \mathbb{C}\longrightarrow \mathbb{C}\) being a holomorphic function.

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Cited in

(2)

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