The number of closed ideals in L(L_p)
Spaces of operators; tensor products; approximation properties (46B28) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Ideals and subalgebras (46H10) Algebras of operators on Banach spaces and other topological linear spaces (47L10) Operator ideals (47L20)
Let \(X\) be \(L_p[0,1]\) or \(\mathfrak{X}_p\), where \(p \in (1, \infty) \setminus{\{2\}}\) and \(\mathfrak{X}_p\) denotes the ``exotic complemented subspace of \(L_p[0,1]\) constructed by Rosenthal. The paper under review shows that there are \(2^{2^{\aleph_0}}\) different (even non-isomorphic) closed two-sided ideals in \(\mathscr{B}(X)\), the algebra of bounded linear operators on \(X\). This answers a long-standing open question from A.\ Pietsch's 1978 book ``Operator Ideals. Moreover, the authors prove that \(\mathscr{B}(X)\) contains \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] an antichain of closed two-sided ideals of cardinality \(2^{2^{\aleph_0}}\), and \item[(2)] a chain of closed two-sided ideals of cardinality \(2^{\aleph_0}\). \end{itemize} The results above are achieved by constructing new closed two-sided ideals in \(\mathscr{B}(X)\), all of which contain an idempotent operator whose range is isomorphic to \(\ell_2\). Consequently, these ideals are \textit{large} in the sense that they are not contained in the closed two-sided ideal of strictly singular operators \(\mathscr{S}(X)\) on \(X\). Moreover, neither of these ideals contain \(\mathscr{S}(X)\). The authors prove in addition that \(\mathscr{B}(X)\) contains \(2^{2^{\aleph_0}}\) different \textit{small} ideals, that is, ideals which are contained in \(\mathscr{S}(X)\). Recently, in [\textit{D. Freeman} et al., Forum Math. Sigma 9, Paper No.~e27, 20~p. (2021; Zbl 1467.47044)] the authors showed that \(\mathscr{B}(\ell_p \oplus \ell_q)\) has \(2^{2^{\aleph_0}}\) distinct closed two-sided ideals whenever \(1 < p < q < \infty\), which yields an alternative proof of the main result of the paper under review.
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