Ideals in L(L₁)

DOI10.1007/S00208-019-01934-0MaRDI QIDQ2290816zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Gilles Pisier, Gideon Schechtman, William B. Johnson

Publication date 29 January 2020

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.06571

$L(\ell_\infty)$$L(L_1)$$L(L_\infty)$closed ideals small ideals

Isomorphic theory (including renorming) of Banach spaces (46B03) Spaces of operators; tensor products; approximation properties (46B28) Algebras of operators on Banach spaces and other topological linear spaces (47L10)

Abstract: The main result is that there are infinitely many; in fact, a continuum; of closed ideals in the Banach algebra

L (L_{1})

of bounded linear operators on

L_{1} (0, 1)

. This answers a question from A. Pietsch's 1978 book "Operator Ideals". The proof also shows that

L (C [0, 1])

contains a continuum of closed ideals. Finally, a duality argument yields that

L (e l l_{i} n f t y)

has a continuum of closed ideals.

Review text

The purpose of the paper under review is to investigate closed (two-sided) ideals in the Banach algebra $L(X)$ of bounded linear operators on a Banach space $X$, with special attention given to the function space $L_p:=L_p(0,1)$ when $p=1$. It is known that the compact operators are the only nontrivial closed ideal in $L(X)$ when $X$ is one of the classical sequence spaces $\ell_p$, $1 \leq p < \infty$, or $c_0$, or the Hilbert function space $L_2$. When $1 < p \neq 2 < \infty$, it was proved recently that there is a continuum of closed ideals in $L(L_p)$ [\textit{T. Schlumprecht} and \textit{A. Zsák}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 735, 225--247 (2018; Zbl 1464.47048)]. The situation for $X=L_1$ is quite different, previously no one has proved that the Banach algebra $L(L_1)$ contains a closed ideal distinct from the following five: the compact operators; the strictly singular operators; the operators on $L_1$ that factor through $\ell_1$; the Dunford-Pettis operators; and the $L_1$-singular operators on $L_1$. For an interesting and fairly complete exposition on the closed ideals in $L(L_p)$, see the introduction of the paper under review. Recall some notions: an operator $T:X \to Y$ between Banach spaces is $Z$-singular for an Banach space $Z$ if $TS$ is not an (into)isomorphism for any operator $S:Z \to X$; an operator is strictly singular if it is $Z$-singular for every infinite-dimensional $Z$; an ideal in $L(X)$ is called small if it is contained in the ideal of strictly singular operators, otherwise is called large. The main result of the paper is a wise construction of a continuum of small closed ideals in $L(L_1)$. This solves a long standing question from \textit{A. Pietsch} [Operator ideals, Berlin: VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften (1978; Zbl 0399.47039)]. Also, the authors mention that it is not known if there are more than a continuum of closed ideals in $L(L_1)$ and pose the question if there are more than three large ideals in $L(L_1)$. As consequence of the main result, it is proved that $L(C(K))$ has a continuum of small closed ideals for every compact uncountable metric space $K$. Finally, by using a duality argument, the authors prove that $L(\ell_\infty)$ has a continuum of small closed ideals and also show that distinct small closed ideals in $L(L_1)$ produce distinct small closed ideals in $L(L_\infty)$.

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