A density of ramified primes

DOI10.1007/S40993-021-00295-5MaRDI QIDQ2065744zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Stephanie Chan, Christine McMeekin, Djordjo Milovic

Publication date 13 January 2022

Published in Research in Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.10188

zbMATH Keywords

densityramified primesspin

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Distribution of primes (11N05) Other abelian and metabelian extensions (11R20) Density theorems (11R45) Totally real fields (11R80)

Abstract: Let $K$ be a cyclic totally real number field of odd degree over $mathbbQ$ with odd class number, such that every totally positive unit is the square of a unit, and such that $2$ is inert in $K/mathbbQ$. We define a family of number fields ${K(p)}_p$, depending on $K$ and indexed by the rational primes $p$ that split completely in $K/mathbbQ$, such that $p$ is always ramified in $K(p)$ of degree $2$. Conditional on a standard conjecture on short character sums, the density of such rational primes $p$ that exhibit one of two possible ramified factorizations in $K(p)/mathbbQ$ is strictly between $0$ and $1$ and is given explicitly as a formula in terms of $[K:mathbbQ]$. Our results are unconditional in the cubic case. Our proof relies on a detailed study of the joint distribution of spins of prime ideals.

Review text

\textit{J. B. Friedlander} et al. [Invent. Math. 193, No. 3, 697--749 (2013; Zbl 1296.11150)] considered totally real cyclic extensions \(K/\mathbb Q\) in which every totally positive integer is a square and showed that if \(\sigma\) denotes a generator of \(\operatorname{Gal}(K/\mathbb Q)\), then the set of principal prime ideals \(\pi \mathbb Z_K\) which split in \(K(\sqrt{\sigma(\pi)})\) is of density \(1/2\). A certain generalization has been later provided by \textit{P. Koymans} and \textit{D. Milovic} [Duke Math. J. 170, No. 8, 1723--1755 (2021; Zbl 1478.11109)]. The authors deal with totally real Galois extensions \(K/\mathbb Q\) of odd degree \(n\) with odd narrow class number in which \(2\) is inert. Let \(p\) be a prime splitting in \(K\) and for prime ideals \(\mathfrak p\) lying over \(p\) denote by \(R_\mathfrak p^+\) the maximal abelian extension of \(K\) unramified at all prime ideals \(\ne \mathfrak p\). Let \(K_\mathfrak p\) be the unique quadratic extension of \(K\) lying in \(R_\mathfrak p^+\) and let \(K(p)\) be the composite of all fields \(K_\mathfrak p\). For \(\mu\in\{-1,1\}\) denote by \(S_\mu\) the set of all primes \(p\equiv\mu\) mod \(4\), splitting in \(K\) and by \(F_\mu\) the subset of \(S_\mu\) consisting of primes whose prime divisors in \(K(p)\) are of the first degree. Denote by \(F_\mu(x),S_{\mu}(x)\) the counting functions of the sets \(F_\mu\), resp. \(S_{\mu}\). The main result (Theorem 1) shows that if for all real characters \(\chi\ne \chi_0=1\) of conductors \(q\le Q\) and all integers \(M\) and \(N\le Q^\eta\) with \(\eta=2/n(n-1)\) one has for every \(\varepsilon>0\) \[ \left|\sum_{a=M+1}^N\chi(n)\right|\le cQ^{\eta(1-\delta)+\varepsilon} \] with some \(\delta>0\) and \(c=c(\varepsilon)\) (this is a variant of the conjecture stated by Friedlander et al. [loc. cit.]), then there is an explicit formula for the value of the limit \(\lim_{x\to\infty}F_\mu(x)/S_\mu(x)\), which is positive. In the case \(n=3\) this result is shown unconditionally in Theorem 2, the limit being equal to \(1/8\) for \(\mu=1\) and to \(3/8\) for \(\mu=-1\).

Recommendations

• Relative densities of ramified primes in \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{pq})\)
• Densities for 3-class ranks in certain cubic extensions.
• On p ‐Class Groups of Cyclic Extensions of Prime Degree p of Quadratic Fields
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• On class number of quadratic extensions over function fields

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Cited in

(11)

• Corrigendum to: ``On the asymptotics of a prime spin relation
• The density of ramified primes
• The density of ramified primes in semisimple p-adic Galois representations.
• Relative densities of ramified primes in \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{pq})\)
• Densities of Sets of Primes Related to Decimal Expansion of Rational Numbers
• The spin of prime ideals
• Uniformity over primes of unramified splittings
• Densities of primes and realization of local extensions
• The number of ramified primes in number fields of small degree
• Density of Selmer ranks in families of even Galois representations, Wiles' formula, and global reciprocity
• On the asymptotics of a prime spin relation

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