On the torsion values for sections of an elliptic scheme

DOI10.1515/CRELLE-2021-0056MaRDI QIDQ2065867zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Julian Demeio, Umberto Zannier, Pietro Corvaja, D. Masser

Publication date 13 January 2022

Published in Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.01253

zbMATH Keywords

Betti mapcanonical heightelliptic schemeelliptic surfaceo-minimalityRoth's theoremtorsion points

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic curves over global fields (11G05) Heights (11G50) Approximation to algebraic numbers (11J68) Diophantine approximation, transcendental number theory (11J99) Arithmetic ground fields for abelian varieties (14K15)

Abstract: We shall consider sections of an elliptic scheme $mathcalE$ over a(n affine) base curve $B$, and study the points of $B$ where the section takes a torsion value. In particular, we shall relate the distribution in $B$ of these points with the canonical height of the section, proving an integral formula involving a measure on $B$ coming from the so-called Betti map of the section. We shall show that this measure is the same appearing in dynamical issues related to the section. This analysis will also involve the multiplicity with which a torsion value is attained, which is an independent problem. We shall prove finiteness theorems for the points where the multiplicity is higher than expected. Such multiplicity has also a relation with Diophantine Approximation and quasi-integral points on $mathcalE$ (over the affine ring of $B$), and in the last part of the paper we shall exploit this viewpoint, proving an effective result in the spirit of Siegel's theorem on integral points.

Review text

Let \[ \mathcal E \to C \] be a complex elliptic surface equipped with a section \(O\). Assume that the fibration is not isotrivial, i.e. the j-invariant of the generic fibre is non-constant. Denote by \(B\) the a subset of the places \(v\in C\) where the fibre above \(v\) is a smooth elliptic curve. Consider another section \(P\neq O\) such that \(P\) is not a torsion section (relative to the group structure on the generic fibre with \(O\) serving as neutral element). The paper under review is centered around the general question on which (smooth) fibers \(P\) specializes to a torsion point, i.e.\ it asks for what the authors call the torsion points of \(P\): \[ T_P = \{v\in B; \;\; P_v\in\mathop{Tor} \mathcal E_v\}. \] In fact, the set \(T_P\) is known to be large and small at the same time. Here `large' first of all means `infinite'. This property can be derived as a consequence of Siegel's theorem for integral points over function fields. Using the Betti map (which is also instrumental for the present paper), one can also prove that \(T_P\) is dense in the complex topology of \(B\). In the setting where everything is defined over some number field, there are even results towards the Galois equidistribution of the set \(T_P\) by \textit{L. DeMarco} and \textit{N. M. Mavraki} [Am. J. Math. 142, No. 2, 443--473 (2020; Zbl 1461.11102)]. On the other hand, the set \(T_P\) being `small' refers to sparsity along the lines of Silverman-Tate's specialization theorem. It should thus be clear that the set \(T_P\) is natural and interesting. The main concern of the present paper lies in those points which appear with multiplicity in \(T_P\). Geometrically, this means that the curves on \(\mathcal E\) corresponding to \(O\) and \(P\) intersect tangentially (as opposed to transverse intersection). The main theorem of the authors is that not only the set of multiple points in \(T_P\) is finite, but the same holds true for the union over all non-torsion sections in any finitely generated group \(\Gamma\) of sections. We note that the geometric interpretation opens the way to (complex) surface theory and surface geography which explains why similar results have been obtained independently, by different methods and with different aims, by \textit{D. Ulmer} and \textit{G. Urzúa} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021, No. 6, 4768--4802 (2021; Zbl 1477.14058); Sel. Math., New Ser. 28, No. 2, Paper No. 25, 36 p. (2022; Zbl 1492.14067)]. The paper under review also develops a new integral formula for the canonical height of a section. This uses again the Betti map, and in particular, the property that it is definable (proved in [\textit{G. Jones} and \textit{H. Schmidt}, Math. Ann. 379, No. 1--2, 825--864 (2021; Zbl 1457.14124)]) to control the behaviour of the sections at the bad fibres. The result can also be derived from [\textit{L. DeMarco} and \textit{N. M. Mavraki}, Am. J. Math. 142, No. 2, 443--473 (2020; Zbl 1461.11102)] as already cited above; the different approaches are compared in detail. Moreover the paper gives applications to diophantine approximation and (quasi-)integral points (i.e. with `small denominators'). Their proof involves an effctive version of Roth's theorem over function fields, adapting a method of \textit{J. T. Y. Wang} [Rocky Mt. J. Math. 26, No. 3, 1225--1234 (1996; Zbl 0942.11034)]. The authors also exhibit an extended explicit example illustrating the methods and techniques.

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Cited in

(17)

• A variant of a theorem by Ailon-Rudnick for elliptic curves
• Unramified sections of the Legendre scheme and modular forms
• Cyclotomic torsion points in elliptic schemes
• Integral points for Drinfeld modules
• Torsion Sections of Semistable Elliptic Surfaces
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• On the dynamical Bogomolov conjecture for families of split rational maps
• The geometric dynamical Northcott and Bogomolov properties
• Vojta's ABC conjecture for entire curves in toric varieties highly ramified over the boundary

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