Fundamental gaps of spherical triangles

DOI10.1007/S10455-021-09797-YMaRDI QIDQ2076528zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shoo Seto, Guofang Wei, Xuwen Zhu

Publication date 22 February 2022

Published in Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00229

zbMATH Keywords

Dirichlet boundary conditioneigenvalues of Dirichlet Laplacianspherical triangle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Laplace operator, Helmholtz equation (reduced wave equation), Poisson equation (35J05) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) PDEs on manifolds (35R01) Inequalities and extremum problems in real or complex geometry (51M16)

Abstract: We compute Dirichlet eigenvalues and eigenfunctions explicitly for spherical lunes and the spherical triangles which are half the lunes, and show that the fundamental gap goes to infinity when the angle of the lune goes to zero. Then we show the spherical equilateral triangle of diameter $fracpi2$ is a strict local minimizer of the fundamental gap on the space of the spherical triangles with diameter $fracpi2$, which partially extends Lu-Rowlett's result from the plane to the sphere.

Review text

Given a domain \(\Omega\) in \(\mathbb{S}^2\), the fundamental (or mass) gap is the difference between the first two eigenvalues \(\lambda_2 - \lambda_1 > 0\) of the Laplacian on \(\Omega\) with Dirichlet boundary condition. \par The main result of the article under review reads as follows: The equilateral spherical triangle with angle \(\pi/2\) is a strict local minimum for the gap on the space of the spherical triangles with diameter \(\pi/2\). Moreover \[ \lambda_2(T(t)) - \lambda_1 (T(t)) \geq \lambda_2(T(0)) - \lambda_1 (T(0)) + \frac{16}{\pi}t + O(t^2), \] where \(T(t)\) is the triangle with vertices \((0, 0)\), \((\pi/2, 0)\) and \((\pi/2 - bt, \pi/2 - at)\) with \(a^2 + b^2 = 1\), \(a \geq 0\), \(b \geq 0\) under geodesic polar coordinates centered at the north pole. \par This theorem is similar to a result by \textit{Z. Lu} and \textit{J. Rowlett} [Commun. Math. Phys. 319, No. 1, 111--145 (2013; Zbl 1310.58008)] for the gap of triangles on the plane and is obtained by the same method, i.e., by computing and estimating the first derivatives of \(\lambda_1\) and \(\lambda_2\) at \(t=0\).

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• Dirichlet eigenvalue sums on triangles are minimal for equilaterals
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Cites work

• Functional determinants on spheres and sectors
• Fundamental Gap of Convex Domains in the Spheres
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3856072 (Why is no real title available?)
• Numerical determination of the fundamental eigenvalue for the Laplace operator on a spherical domain
• Proof of the fundamental gap conjecture
• Sharp fundamental gap estimate on convex domains of sphere
• The fundamental gap of simplices
• Über die asymptotische Verteilung der Eigenwerte des Laplace-Operators für Gebiete auf der Kugeloberfläche

Cited in

(4)

• The fundamental gap of simplices
• Fundamental Gap of Convex Domains in the Spheres
• Shape optimization for the Laplacian eigenvalue over triangles and its application to interpolation error analysis
• Lattice walks confined to an octant in dimension 3: (non-)rationality of the second critical exponent

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