Multiple Riemann wave solutions of the general form of quasilinear hyperbolic systems

MaRDI QIDQ2083433zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors A. Michel Grundland, J. de Lucas

Publication date 10 October 2022

Published in Advances in Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.15122, https://projecteuclid.org/journals/advances-in-differential-equations/volume-28/issue-1_2f_2/Multiple-Riemann-wave-solutions-of-the-general-form-of-quasilinear/ade028-0102-73.full

zbMATH Keywords

Brownian motion equation hydrodynamic system quasi-linear first-order system quasi-linear hyperbolic system Riemann \(k\)-wave solution Riemann wave solution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric theory, characteristics, transformations in context of PDEs (35A30) First-order hyperbolic equations (35L02) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Surfaces in Euclidean and related spaces (53A05) Brownian motion (60J65)

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to construct geometrically Riemann

k

-wave solutions of the general form of first-order quasilinear hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations. To this end, we adapt and combine elements of two approaches to the construction of Riemann

k

-waves, namely the symmetry reduction method and the generalized method of characteristics. We formulate a geometrical setting for the general form of the

k

-wave problem and discuss in detail the conditions for the existence of

k

-wave solutions. An auxiliary result concerning the Frobenius theorem is established. We use it to obtain formulae describing the

k

-wave solutions in closed form. Our theoretical considerations are illustrated by examples of hydrodynamic type systems including the Brownian motion equation.

Review text

The authors consider the quasi-linear first-order system of \(q\) equations in \(p\) independent variables \(\sum_{i=1}^{p}A^{i}(u)\frac{\partial u}{\partial x_{i}}=0\), \(i=1\ldots p\), where \(u=(u^{1},\ldots,u^{q})\in U\subset \mathbb{R}^{q} \) and \(A^{1},\ldots ,A^{p}\) are \(q\times q\) matrices. They define a Riemann wave solution to this system defined in a neighborhood of \(x=0\) as a solution to the equation \(u=f(r(x,u))\), where the functions \(f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{q}\) and \(r:\mathbb{R}^{p+q}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) are given by \(r(x,u)=\sum_{i=1}^{p}\lambda _{i}(u)x^{i}\), the solution \(u\) satisfying, through the implicit function theorem and in a neighborhood of \(x=0\) : \(\frac{\partial u^{\alpha }}{\partial x^{i}}(x)=\phi (x)^{-1}\lambda _{i}(u(x))\frac{df^{\alpha }}{dr}(r(x,u(x)))\), \(i=1,\ldots ,p\), \(\alpha =1,\ldots ,q\), where \(\phi (x)=1-\sum_{\alpha =1}^{q}\frac{\partial r}{ \partial u^{\alpha }}(x,u(x))dfdr(r(x;u(x)))\). The function \(r\) is a Riemann invariant associated to the non-zero wave vector \(\lambda =(\lambda _{1},\ldots ,\lambda _{p}):\mathbb{R}^{p}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{q}\), satisfying \(ker(\sum_{i=1}^{p}\lambda _{i}(u)A^{i}(u))\neq 0\). The authors first analyze the properties of the quasi-linear hyperbolic system \( \sum_{i=1}^{p}\sum_{\beta =1}^{q}A_{\beta }^{i\alpha }(x,u)u_{i}^{\beta }\), \( \alpha =1,\ldots ,q\), of its integral elements and of its \(k\)-wave solutions. They establish conditions which lead to the existence of a Riemann \(k\)-wave solution. The paper ends with the analysis of 2D examples.

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