Bergman projections, Berezin transforms and Cauchy transform on exponential Orlicz spaces and Lorentz-Zygmund spaces

DOI10.1007/S00605-022-01757-3MaRDI QIDQ2084342zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 18 October 2022

Published in Monatshefte für Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00605-022-01757-3

Berezin transforms Bergman projections Cauchy transform Cesàro operator exponential Orlicz spaces Hilbert matrix Lorentz-Zygmund space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bergman spaces of functions in several complex variables (32A36) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38)

Review text

The author studies, for several classical operators which known to be bounded in the \(L^p\) setting, the boundedness on the limiting spaces \(p=1\) and \(p=\infty\). In the case \(p=\infty\) instead of \(L^\infty\) he considers the exponential Orlicz space and in the case \(p=1\) he deals with the Zygmund spaces or Lorentz spaces. The methods for each limiting case are different. For \(p=\infty\) he uses the characterization of exponential Orlicz spaces in terms of the Lebesgue spaces, while for \(p=1\) he uses the Yano extrapolation theorem. Given a bounded open set \(\Omega\subset \mathbb C^n\) and a Borel measure \(\mu\) with \(\mu(\Omega)=1\) we can consider and the Orlicz space of measurable functions \(f\) such that there exist \(\lambda>0\) with \(\int_\Omega \Phi(|f|/\lambda)d\mu<1\), and denote \(\|f\|_{L_\Phi}=\inf \{\lambda>0: \int_\Omega \Phi (|f|/\lambda) d\mu<1\}\). He uses, for \(\alpha>0\) and \(\lambda\in\mathbb R\), the notation \(E_\alpha(\Omega, \mu)\), \(\mathcal E_\alpha(\Omega, \mu)\) and \(EL_{\alpha,\lambda}(\Omega, \mu)\) for the cases \(\Phi(t)= e^{t^\alpha}-1\) , \(\Phi(t)= e^{e^{t^\alpha}}-e\) and \(\Phi(t)= e^{t^\alpha(1+|\log t|)^{\alpha/\lambda}}-1\) respectively. The main tool for some of his results is the use of the equivalences \(\|f\|_{E_\alpha}\approx \sup_{p\in \mathbb N; p\ge k_0} p^{-1/\alpha}\|f\|_{L^p}\), \(\|f\|_{\mathcal E_\alpha}\approx \sup_{p\in \mathbb N; p\ge k_0} (e+\log p)^{-1/\alpha}\|f\|_{L^p}\) and \(\|f\|_{EL_{\alpha,\lambda}}\approx \sup_{p\in \mathbb N; p\ge k_0} p^{-1/\alpha}(e+\log p)^{1/\lambda}\|f\|_{L^p}\). The author applies these equivalences combined with the value of the norm in \(L^p\) of classical operators. In particular for the Bergman projection, \(P_\theta\), defined on \(L^p(\mathbb B_n, dv_\theta)\) for \(\theta>-1\) and \(dv_\theta(z)=(1-|z|^2)^\theta dv(z)\) with \(dv(z)\) the normalized volume measure on \(\mathbb B_n\), it is shown that \(P_\theta\) maps \(E_\alpha(\mathbb B_n, dv_\theta)\) into \(E_{\frac{\alpha}{1+\alpha}}(\mathbb B_n, dv_\theta)\) and \(\mathcal E_\alpha(\mathbb B_n, dv_\theta)\) into \(EL_{1,-\alpha}(\mathbb B_n, dv_\theta)\). Similar result can be applied to the harmonic Bergman projection, denoted in the paper by \(\Phi_p\), defined on \(L^p(\mathbb B_n, dv_\theta)\), or for the Hilbert matrix operator \(\mathcal H\) and the Cè saro operator acting on functions defined on the unit ball of \(\mathbb C\), whose norms on \(L^p(\mathbb B_1)\) are known in many cases. To deal with the case \(p=1\) the author uses the following extension of Yano's extrapolation result which establishes that if a linear operator \(T\) satisfies that there exist \(p_0>1, \beta\ge 0\) and \(C>0\) such that \(\|Tf\|_{L^p}\le \frac{C}{(p-1)^\beta}\|f\|_p\) for all \(p\in (1,p_0)\) then \(\|Tf\|_{L^1(\log L)^{\alpha-\beta}}\le C_0\|f\|_{L^1(\log L)^\alpha}\) for some \(C_0>0\) and all \(f\in L^\infty\). This method is used to study estimates for the Berezin transform, Bergman projection and harmonic Bergman projection acting on Zygmund spaces. Finally to study of the Cauchy transform \(\mathcal C f(z)=\int_\mathbb B \frac{f(w)}{z-w}dA(w)\) on limiting cases, the author uses the value of the norm as operator from \(L^p\) into \(L^\infty\) for \(p>2\) and manage to get the boundedness from \(L^{2,1}(log L)^\alpha \) into \(L^\infty\).

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