Full description of Benjamin-Feir instability of Stokes waves in deep water

DOI10.1007/S00222-022-01130-ZMaRDI QIDQ2084778zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Massimiliano Berti, Alberto Maspero, P. Ventura

Publication date 13 October 2022

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.11852

zbMATH Keywords

complex HamiltonianeigenvalueFloquet exponentKAM theorylong-wave perturbationspectral theorysymplectic Kato similarity transformtwo-dimensional gravity water wave

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Dynamical systems in fluid mechanics, oceanography and meteorology (37N10) Water waves, gravity waves; dispersion and scattering, nonlinear interaction (76B15) Hydrodynamic stability (76E99)

Abstract: Small-amplitude, traveling, space periodic solutions -- called Stokes waves -- of the 2 dimensional gravity water waves equations in deep water are linearly unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations, as predicted by Benjamin and Feir in 1967. We completely describe the behavior of the four eigenvalues close to zero of the linearized equations at the Stokes wave, as the Floquet exponent is turned on. We prove in particular the conjecture that a pair of non-purely imaginary eigenvalues depicts a closed figure eight, parameterized by the Floquet exponent, in full agreement with numerical simulations. Our new spectral approach to the Benjamin-Feir instability phenomenon uses Kato's theory of similarity transformation to reduce the problem to determine the eigenvalues of a $4imes4$ complex Hamiltonian and reversible matrix. Applying a procedure inspired by KAM theory, we block-diagonalize such matrix into a pair of $2imes2$ Hamiltonian and reversible matrices, thus obtaining the full description of its eigenvalues.

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