Bounds on the torsion subgroup schemes of Néron-Severi group schemes

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective variety over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of arbitrary characteristic. The Néron-Severi group \(\mathrm{NS} \; X\) is a finitely generated abelian group, hence its torsion subgroup \((\mathrm{NS} \; X)_{\mathrm{tor}}\) is finite. \textit{B. Poonen} et al. gave an algorithm to compute this group [Compos. Math. 151, 713--734 (2015; Zbl 1316.14017)] and the author gave an upper bound for its order [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 374, 351--365 (2021; Zbl 1453.14015)]. One can also consider the Néron-Severi group scheme \(\mathbf{NS} \; X\), the quotient of the Picard scheme \(\mathbf{Pic} \; X\) by \((\mathbf{Pic}^0 X)_{\mathrm{red}}\). If char \(k=0\), then \(\mathbf{Pic}^0 X\) is an abelian variety and \(\mathbf{NS} \; X\) is reduced of dimension zero, but when char \(k = p > 0\), \(\mathbf{NS} \; X\) can be non-reduced by an example of \textit{J.-i. Igusa} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 41, 964--967 (1955; Zbl 0067.39102)]. Considering the torsion subgroup scheme \((\mathbf{NS} \; X)_{\mathrm{tor}}\), a finite commutative group scheme, the first result is that if \(X \subset \mathbb P^r\) is a smooth connected variety defined by polynomials of degree \(\leq d\), then \(\# (\mathbf{NS} \; X)_{\mathrm{tor}} \leq \mathrm{exp}_2 \mathrm{exp}_2 \mathrm{exp}_2\mathrm{exp}_d \mathrm{exp}_2 (2r + 6 \log_2 r)\), where \(\mathrm{exp}_a b = a^b\). The proof first uses Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity to give an explicit value of \(m\) so that \(\# (\mathbf{NS} \; X)_{\mathrm{tor}} \leq \dim_k \Gamma (\mathbf{Hilb}_{p(t)} X)\), where \(p(t)\) is the Hilbert polynomial of the divisor \(mH \subset X\), \(H\) a hyperplane: then the latter group is estimated using the embedding of the Hilbert scheme into an appropriate Grassman variety. Since the torsion part of the fundamental group \(\pi_1^{\mathrm{ét}} (X, x_0)^{\mathrm{ab}}_{\mathrm{tor}}\) is isomorphic to the group of \(k\)-points of the Cartier dual of \((\mathbf{NS} \; X)_{\mathrm{tor}}\) by a result of \textit{J. Stix} [Rational points and arithmetic of fundamental groups. Evidence for the section conjecture. Berlin: Springer (2013; Zbl 1272.14003)], he deduces the same upper bound for \(\pi_1^{\mathrm{ét}} (X, x_0)^{\mathrm{ab}}_{\mathrm{tor}}\). The second result states that when \(X \subset \mathbb P^r\) is the reduction of a smooth connected projective scheme \(\mathcal X \subset \mathbb P^r_{W_2 (k)}\), then \((\mathrm{NS} X)_{\mathrm{tor}}\) is generated by \((\deg X -1)(\deg X - 2)\) elements. The proof uses the result of \textit{A. Langer} that the Lefschetz hyperplane theorem holds for \(\mathbf{Pic}^\tau X\) under these circumstances [Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 61, 2077--2119 (2011; Zbl 1247.14019)].

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