Harnack inequality and self-similar solutions for fully nonlinear fractional parabolic equations
bounds for the principal eigenvaluedecay estimates for the principal eigenfunctionHarnack inequality
Fundamental solutions to PDEs (35A08) A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Self-similar solutions to PDEs (35C06) Viscosity solutions to PDEs (35D40) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) General topics in linear spectral theory for PDEs (35P05) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11)
The paper is devoted to the nonlocal eigenvalue problem \[ \mathcal{M}\Phi+\frac1{2s}\,x\cdot D\Phi=-\lambda\Phi\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^n, \] which is motivated by the connection with self-similar solutions for the parabolic problem \[ u_t=\mathcal{M} u \text{ in }\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}_+. \] The authors state the results (Theorem 1.1) in the case that \(\mathcal{M}\) is a nonlocal extremal Pucci operator, but it has to be remarked that they can be also extended to non-convex nonlinearities. Precisely, in the case \(s\in (1/2,1)\) and kernel of order \(|x|^{-(N+2s)}\), the authors show the existence of an eigenpair \((\Phi_1^+,\lambda_1^+)\), where the eigenfunction \(\Phi_1^+>0\) has the same polynomial decay rate as the kernel, and the eigenvalue \(\lambda_1^+>0\) is simple and unique in a suitable sense. The existence is obtained by approximation on bounded domains, where the convergence is based on a Harnack inequality (Theorem 1.3), established quite generally in the nonlocal case with zero-order terms. The lower and upper bounds for the eigenvalue and the decay estimates for the eigenfunction rely on the fundamental solutions for the nonlocal operator \(\mathcal{M}\). The existence of positive self-similar solutions for the related parabolic problem is also proved with an explicit representation in terms of \(\Phi_1^+\) (Corollary 1.2).
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