The ring of modular forms of O(2,4;Z) with characters

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Publication:2093547



Abstract: We show that the ring of modular forms with characters for mathrmO(2,4;mathbbZ) is generated by forms of weights 4, 4, 6, 8, 10, 10, 12, and 30 with three relations of weights 8, 20, and 60. The proof is based on the study of a moduli space of K3 surfaces.


Consider the lattice \(P_1 := U\oplus E_7^{\oplus 2}\), which is a primitive sublattice of the \(K3\) lattice \(\Lambda_{K3}\). Let \(\mathcal{D}\) be the bounded Hermitian domain of type \(IV\) associated to \(T_1\). The orthogonal complement of \(P_1\) in \(\Lambda_{K3}\) is given by \(T_1 = U^{\oplus 2}\oplus A_1^{\oplus 2}\), which is naturally embeded with index \(2\) into the odd lattice \(T_2 = U^{\oplus 2}\oplus \langle -1\rangle^{\oplus 2}\). In fact, we have \(O(T_2) \simeq O(2,4;\mathbb{Z})\). The aim of the paper under review is to describe the graded ring \(\tilde{A}(O(2,4;\mathbb{Z}))\) of modular forms on \(\mathcal{D}\) with all characters of the group \(O(2,4;\mathbb{Z})\) in terms of a polynomial ring of 8 weighted variables with three relations. In this case, the Cox ring of the quotient stack \(\mathbb{M}\) of the coarse moduli space \(M := \mathcal{D}\slash O(T_1)\) of \(P_1\)-polarized \(K3\) surfaces is isomorphic to \(\tilde{A}(O(2,4;\mathbb{Z}))\). So, it is necessary to describe the Cox ring of the quotient stack \(\mathbb{M}\). In the proof of the main theorem, the authors use the projective model of a \(P_1\)-polarized \(K3\) surface as a Jacobian elliptic surface with singular fibres of type \(II^*\) and \(III^*\).











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