Six line configurations and string dualities

DOI10.1007/S00220-019-03372-0MaRDI QIDQ2326894zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Adrian Clingher, Andreas Malmendier, Tanush Shaska

Publication date 10 October 2019

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.07460

\(K3\) surfaces bounded symmetric domains of type IV double sextic \(K3\) surfaces F-theory/heteotic string duality in eight dimensions.moduli space of six lines Picard rank sixteen Siegel modular forms van Geemen-Sarti \(K3\) surfaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Modular and automorphic functions (11F03) Elliptic surfaces, elliptic or Calabi-Yau fibrations (14J27) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Relationships between surfaces, higher-dimensional varieties, and physics (14J81)

Abstract: We study the family of K3 surfaces of Picard rank sixteen associated with the double cover of the projective plane branched along the union of six lines, and the family of its Van Geemen-Sarti partners, i.e., K3 surfaces with special Nikulin involutions, such that quotienting by the involution and blowing up recovers the former. We prove that the family of Van Geemen-Sarti partners is a four-parameter family of K3 surfaces with

H o p l u s E_{7} (- 1) o p l u s E_{7} (- 1)

lattice polarization. We describe explicit Weierstrass models on both families using even modular forms on the bounded symmetric domain of type

I V

. We also show that our construction provides a geometric interpretation, called geometric two-isogeny, for the F-theory/heterotic string duality in eight dimensions. As a result, we obtain novel F-theory models, dual to non-geometric heterotic string compactifications in eight dimensions with two non-vanishing Wilson line parameters.

Review text

This paper studies the configurations of six lines for the two families of \(K3\) surfaces: the double sextic \(K3\) surfaces \({\mathcal{Y}}\), and van Geemen-Sarti \(K3\) surfaces \({\mathcal{X}}\). The family of van Geemen-Sarti \(K3\) surfaces is a four-parameter family with \(H\oplus E_7(-1)\oplus E_7(-1)\) lattice polarization, and carries a speical involution \(J{\mathcal{X}}\) (called the van Geemen-Sarti involution). Quotienting \({\mathcal{X}}\) by \(J{\mathcal{X}}\) and blowing up the fixed locus, there corresponds the double-sextic surface \({\mathcal{Y}}\), togther with a rational double covering map \(\Phi: {\mathcal{X}}\to {\mathcal{Y}}\). \({\mathcal{X}}\) is referred as the van Geemen-Sarti partners of \({\mathcal{Y}}\). The main results of this article are summarized as follows. For the double-sexitic \(K3\) surfaces \({\mathcal{Y}}\), the Weierstarss model is obtained by studying elliptic fibrations, in particular, the alternate elliptic fibration. Theorem 1: The \(K3\) surface \({\mathcal{Y}}\) associated with the double cover branched along six lines admits the alternate Jacobian elliptic fibration \(\pi_{\mbox{alt}}^{\mathcal{Y}}: {\mathcal{Y}}\to {\mathbb{P}}^1\) with the Weierstrass equation \[ Y^2=X(X^2-2B(t)X+B(t)^204A(t)) \] with discriminat \[ \Delta{\mathcal{Y}}(t)=16A(t)(B(t)^2-4A(t))^2 \] and \[ B(t)=t^3-3J_2t-2J_3,\,\, A(t)=J_4t^2-J_5t+J_6 \] where \(J_k\) for \(k=2,\cdots, 6\) are the invariants of the configuraton of six lines (see (2.32) and (2.33) for definition). For the van Geemen-Sarti partners, a six parameter family \(Q(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta,\epsilon,\zeta)\subset \mathbb{P}^3(x,y,z,w)\) of projective quartic surface \[ Y^2ZW-4X^3Z+3\alpha XZW^2+\beta ZW^3+\gamma XZ^2W^2 \] \[ -\frac{1}{2}(\delta Z^2W^2+\zeta W^4)+\epsilon XW^3=0, \] with \((\gamma,\delta)\neq(0,0)\) and \((\epsilon,\zeta)\neq (0,0)\), yields a \(K3\) surface family with lattice polarization \(H\oplus E_7(-1)\oplus E_7(-1)\). Theorem 2: Any \(H\oplus E_7(-1)\oplus E_7(-1)\) polarized \(K3\) surface \({\mathcal{X}}\) given above is the van Geemen-Sarti partner of a \(K3\) surface \({\mathcal{Y}}\). In particular, it holds that \[ [J_2:J_3:J_4:J_5:J_6]=[\alpha:\beta:\gamma\cdot \epsilon:\gamma\cdot\zeta+\delta\cdot\epsilon:\delta\cdot\zeta] \] as points in the four-dimendsional projective space \(\mathbb{P}(2,3,4,5,6)\). The moduli space \({\mathfrak{M}}\) of unordered configurations of six lines in \(\mathbb{P}^2\) is described in the following theorem. Theorem 3: \({\mathfrak{M}}\) is the set given by \[ \{[J_2:J_3:J_4:J_5:J_6]\in{\mathbb{P}}(2,3,4,5,6)\,i\} \] such that \((J_3,J_4,J_5)\neq(0,0,0)\}.\) Further, \(\mathfrak{M}\) is the coarse moduli space of \(K3\) surfaces endowed with \(H\oplus E_7(-1)\oplus E_7(-1)\) lattice polarization. Finally, F-theory/heterotic string duality is described. Theorem 4: The natural sub-space of the moduli space of non-geometric heterotic models whose guantum-exact effective heterotic description is determined by the ring of holomorphic modular forms on the bounded symmetric domain of type IV is isomorphic to the course moduli space \(K3\) of surfaces admitting a \(H\oplus E_7(-1)\oplus E_7(-1)\) lattice polarization. Some specialization of six line configurations tangent to a common conic and the associated \(K3\) surfaces are also discussed. In particular, the invariants \(J_k\) (\(k=2,\cdots, 6\)) are shown to be related to the Igusa invariants of binary sextic.

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