Ramanujan's trigonometric sums and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle

DOI10.1007/S11139-022-00576-2MaRDI QIDQ2097508zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexei Zhedanov

Publication date 14 November 2022

Published in The Ramanujan Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.12543

zbMATH Keywords

cyclotomic polynomialspolynomials orthogonal on the unit circleprimitive rootRamanujan's trigonometric sums

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Polynomials in number theory (11C08) Other special orthogonal polynomials and functions (33C47) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Review text

Ramanujan's trigonometric sums \(c_M(n)\) defined as \[ c_M(n)=\sum_{(s,M)=1}\exp\Big(\frac{2\pi isn}M\Big) \] where \(n\) is an integer, \(M\) is a positive integer and summation is taken over \(1\le s< M\) coprime with \(M\) are considered. In this paper, new explicit examples of finite systems of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC) with equal concentrated masses located at primitive roots of unity are proposed. For a given positive integer \(M\) it is taken \(N + 1 =\varphi(M)\) (\(\varphi(n)\) is Euler's totient function) and it is defined the system \(\Phi_0(z)=1, \Phi_1(z),\dotsc,\Phi_N (z),\Phi_{N+1}(z)\) of OPUC by identifying their trigonometric moments \(\sigma_n\) with the Ramanujan's sum \(\sigma_n = (N + 1)^{-1}c_M(n)\), \(n=0,1,\dotsc,N+1\). The corresponding OPUC \(\Phi_n(z)\) are called the Ramanujan orthogonal polynomials. The main problem of the paper is to find explicitly the OPUC \(\Phi_n(z)\) and corresponding Verblunsky parameters \(a_n\). An important result concerning relations between ``Sturmian OPUC and Ramanujan OPUC is obtained in Section 2. It is shown that these two systems are mirror-dual one with respect to another. In Sections 3 and 4, several explicit examples of such dual systems are presented. They are connected either with the cyclotomic or with the Kronecker polynomials.

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Cites work

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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2134205 (Why is no real title available?)
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Cited in

(3)

• Orthogonal Ramanujan Sums, its properties and Applications in Multiresolution Analysis
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3106649 (Why is no real title available?)
• Ramanujan's trigonometric sums and para-orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle

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