Some statistics on generalized Motzkin paths with vertical steps

DOI10.1007/S00373-022-02593-WMaRDI QIDQ2102765zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yidong Sun, Di Zhao, Wenle Shi, Weichen Wang

Publication date 29 November 2022

Published in Graphs and Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.09231

Catalan number Dyck path G-Motzkin path Riordan array

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19)

Abstract: Recently, several authors have considered lattice paths with various steps, including vertical steps permitted. In this paper, we consider a kind of generalized Motzkin paths, called {it G-Motzkin paths} for short, that is lattice paths from

(0, 0)

to

(n, 0)

in the first quadrant of the

X O Y

-plane that consist of up steps

m a t h b f u = (1, 1)

, down steps

m a t h b f d = (1, - 1)

, horizontal steps

m a t h b f h = (1, 0)

and vertical steps

m a t h b f v = (0, - 1)

. We mainly count the number of G-Motzkin paths of length

n

with given number of

m a t h b f z

-steps for

m a t h b f z i n m a t h b f u, m a t h b f h, m a t h b f v, m a t h b f d

, and enumerate the statistics "number of

m a t h b f z

-steps" at given level in G-Motzkin paths for

m a t h b f z i n m a t h b f u, m a t h b f h, m a t h b f v, m a t h b f d

, some explicit formulas and combinatorial identities are given by bijective and algebraic methods, some enumerative results are linked with Riordan arrays according to the structure decompositions of G-Motzkin paths. We also discuss the statistics "number of

m a t h b f z_{1} m a t h b f z_{2}

-steps" in G-Motzkin paths for

m a t h b f z_{1}, m a t h b f z_{2} i n m a t h b f u, m a t h b f h, m a t h b f v, m a t h b f d

, the exact counting formulas except for

m a t h b f z_{1} m a t h b f z_{2} = m a t h b f d d

are obtained by the Lagrange inversion formula and their generating functions.

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