Symmetric peaks and symmetric valleys in Dyck paths

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2021.112364zbMATH Open1462.05020arXiv2008.05669OpenAlexW3133600612MaRDI QIDQ2022151FDOQ2022151

Sergi Elizalde

Publication date: 28 April 2021

Published in: Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The notion of symmetric and asymmetric peaks in Dyck paths was introduced by Fl'orez and Rodr'{i}guez, who counted the total number of such peaks over all Dyck paths of a given length. In this paper we generalize their results by giving multivariate generating functions that keep track of the number of symmetric peaks and the number of asymmetric peaks, as well as the widths of these peaks. We recover a formula of Denise and Simion as a special case of our results. We also consider the analogous but more intricate notion of symmetric valleys. We find a continued fraction expression for the generating function of Dyck paths with respect to the number of symmetric valleys and the sum of their widths, which provides an unexpected connection between symmetric valleys and statistics on ordered rooted trees. Finally, we enumerate Dyck paths whose peak or valley heights satisfy certain monotonicity and unimodality conditions, using a common framework to recover some known results, and relating our questions to the enumeration of certain classes of column-convex polyominoes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.05669

zbMATH Keywords

Dyck pathpeak heightcolumn-convex polyominosymmetric peaksymmetric valleyvalley height

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Polyominoes (05B50)

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Cited In (11)

• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Counting symmetric and asymmetric peaks in Motzkin paths with air pockets
• Symmetries in Dyck paths with air pockets
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On Delannoy paths without peaks and valleys
• Some statistics on generalized Motzkin paths with vertical steps
• Enumerating symmetric peaks in non-decreasing Dyck paths
• Symmetric and asymmetric peaks or valleys in (partial) Dyck paths
• Enumerating symmetric pyramids in Motzkin paths
• Enumerating symmetric and asymmetric peaks in Dyck paths

Uses Software

• OEIS

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