Hopf-Galois realizability of Z_n Z₂
Let \(G\) and \(N\) be two finite groups of the same order. The pair \((G,N)\) is said to be \textit{realizable} if the holomorph \(\mathrm{Hol}(N)\) of \(N\) contains a regular subgroup isomorphic to \(G\). It is known that \((G,N)\) is realizable if and only if there exists a Hopf-Galois structure of type \(N\) on a Galois \(G\)-extension, or equivalently a skew brace with multiplicative group isomorphic to \(G\) and additive group isomorphic to \(N\). In this paper, the authors consider the case when either \(G\) or \(N\) is a semidirect product \(\mathbb{Z}_n\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\) of the cyclic groups of order \(n\) and \(2\), where \(n\) is an odd integer. They showed that: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] If \(G = \mathbb{Z}_n\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\) and \((G,N)\) is realizable, then \(N \simeq A \rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\) for some \(C\)-group \(A\) of order \(n\). \item[2.] If \(N = \mathbb{Z}_n\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\) and \((G,N)\) is realizable, then \(G \simeq A\rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\) for some \(C\)-group \(A\) of order \(n\). \end{itemize} Here, a finite group is said to be a \textit{\(C\)-group} if all of its Sylow subgroups are cyclic. Since any \(C\)-group is expressible as a semidirect product of two cyclic groups of coprime order, when the radical of \(n\) is a Burnside number, the group \(A\) above may be replaced by \(\mathbb{Z}_n\). A natural number \(r\) is a \textit{Burnside number} if \(r\) and \(\phi(r)\) are coprime, where \(\phi\) denotes Euler's totient function. The proof relies on the following previously known results: \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] If \((G,N)\) is realizable and \(M\) is a characteristic subgroup of \(N\), then \((H,M)\) is also realizable for some subgroup \(H\) of \(G\). [the reviewer and \textit{Q. Chao}, Int. J. Algebra Comput. 30, No. 2, 253--265 (2020; Zbl 1493.20002)] \item[(b)] If \((\mathbb{Z}_n,M)\) is realizable and \(n\) is odd, then \(M\) is a \(C\)-group. [the reviewer, Proc. Am. Math. Soc., Ser. B 9, 377--392 (2022; Zbl 07615713)] \item[(c)] If \((H,\mathbb{Z}_n)\) is realizable and \(n\) is odd, then \(H\) is a \(C\)-group. [\textit{W. Rump}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 372, No. 1, 305--328 (2019; Zbl 1417.81140)] \end{itemize} The main point here is that any group of order \(2n\) (with \(n\) odd) is the semidirect product of its unique subgroup of order \(n\) and any subgroup of order \(2\). One then takes \(M\) and \(H\), respectively, to be the unique subgroup of \(N\) and \(G\) of order \(n\).
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