Bi-skew braces and Hopf Galois structures

MaRDI QIDQ2329065zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Lindsay N. Childs

Publication date 17 October 2019

Published in The New York Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.08814, http://nyjm.albany.edu/j/2019/25-26.html

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zbMATH Keywords

Galois extension of fieldsHopf Galois extensionradical algebrasemidirect productskew brace

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Separable extensions, Galois theory (12F10) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05)

Abstract: We define a bi-skew brace to be a set $G$ with two group operations $star$ and $circ$ so that $(G,circ,star)$ is a skew brace with additive group $(G,star)$ and also with additive group $(G,circ)$. If $G$ is a skew brace, then $G$ corresponds to a Hopf Galois structure of type $(G,star)$ on any Galois extension of fields with Galois group isomorphic to $(G,circ)$. If $G$ is a bi-skew brace, then $G$ also corresponds to a Hopf Galois structure of type $(G,circ)$ on a Galois extension of fields with Galois group isomorphic to $(G,star)$. Many non-trivial examples exist. One source is radical rings $A$ with $A^3=0$, where one of the groups is abelian and the other need not be. The left braces of degree $p^3$ classified by Bachiller are bi-skew braces if and only they are radical rings. A different source of bi-skew braces is semidirect products of arbitrary finite groups, which yield many examples where both groups are non-abelian, and a skew brace proof of a result of Crespo, Rio and Vela that if $G=HtimesJ$ is a semidirect product of finite groups, then a Galois extension of fields with Galois group $G$ has a Hopf Galois structure of type $HimesJ$.

Review text

A (left) skew brace is a triple \((G, \star, \circ)\), where \((G, \star)\) and \((G, \circ)\) are both groups, and the two operations are related by the identity \(a \circ (b \star c) = (a \circ b) \star a^{-1} \star (a \circ c)\), valid for all \(a, b, c \in G\). Here \(a^{-1}\) denotes the inverse in \((G, \star)\). Equivalently, for each \(a \in G\), the maps \(x\mapsto (a \circ x) \star a^{-1}\) are endomorphisms of \((G, \star)\). Skew (left) braces can be considered as generalizations of primitive rings, and are widely studied, among others for their connections to Hopf Galois structures. In the paper under review the author starts building a theory of bi-skew braces; these are the braces \((G, \star, \circ)\) such that \((G, \circ, \star)\) is also a brace. The author provides several methods for constructing such bi-skew braces, one involving radical rings, and the other semidirect products. He also shows how to obtain via bi-skew braces a result of \textit{T. Crespo} et al. [J. Algebra 457, 312--322 (2016; Zbl 1408.16024)], which states that if \(G\) is a group which is a semidirect product of the groups \(H\) and \(K\), then any Galois extension with Galois group \(G\) admits a Hopf Galois structure of type \(H \times K\).

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Cited in

(40)

• Skew braces and the Galois correspondence for Hopf Galois structures
• Skew braces and Hopf-Galois structures of Heisenberg type
• From endomorphisms to bi-skew braces, regular subgroups, the Yang-Baxter equation, and Hopf-Galois structures
• Radical and weight of skew braces and their applications to structure groups of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
• On -homomorphic skew braces
• On \(\mathbb{Z}_n \rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\)-Hopf-Galois structures
• Hopf-Galois realizability of \(\mathbb{Z}_n \rtimes \mathbb{Z}_2\)
• Finite \(p\)-groups of class two with a large multiple holomorph
• Abelian maps, brace blocks, and solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation
• Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation associated to weak braces
• Bi-skew braces and regular subgroups of the holomorph
• On the Galois correspondence for Hopf Galois structures arising from finite radical algebras and Zappa-Szép products
• Opposite skew left braces and applications
• Brace blocks from bilinear maps and liftings of endomorphisms
• On bi-skew braces and brace blocks
• Rota-Baxter operators on Clifford semigroups and the Yang-Baxter equation
• Abelian maps, bi-skew braces, and opposite pairs of Hopf-Galois structures
• Skew braces of squarefree order
• Hopf-Galois structures on cyclic extensions and skew braces with cyclic multiplicative group
• Skew braces of size p2q II: Non-abelian type
• Enumeration of set-theoretic solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation
• Skew braces of size \(pq\)
• The mutually normalizing regular subgroups of the holomorph of a cyclic group of prime power order
• Skew left braces and isomorphism problems for Hopf–Galois structures on Galois extensions
• Semi-affine structures on groups and semi-braces
• Symmetric skew braces and brace systems
• Module braces: relations between the additive and the multiplicative groups
• Skew-braces and q-braces
• Skew bracoids
• On the connection between Hopf–Galois structures and skew braces
• Some properties of skew braces that are invariant under isoclinism
• Skew left braces and 2-reductive solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation
• Representation theory of skew braces
• Classification of small binary bibraces via bilinear maps
• Some semidirect products of skew braces arising in Hopf-Galois theory
• Constructing skew bracoids via abelian maps, and solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation
• Binary bibraces and applications to cryptography
• From actions of an abelian group on itself to left braces
• Relative Rota-Baxter groups and skew left braces
• Some characterizations of weak left braces

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