Modular knots, automorphic forms, and the Rademacher symbols for triangle groups

Abstract: '{E}.~Ghys proved that the linking numbers of modular knots and the "missing" trefoil

K_{2, 3}

in

S^{3}

coincide with the values of a highly ubiquitous function called the Rademacher symbol for

{m S L}_{2} m a t h b b Z

. In this paper, we replace

{m S L}_{2} m a t h b b Z = G a m m a_{2, 3}

by the triangle group

G a m m a_{p, q}

for any coprime pair

(p, q)

of integers with

2 l e q p < q

. We invoke the theory of harmonic Maass forms for

G a m m a_{p, q}

to introduce the notion of the Rademacher symbol

p s i_{p, q}

, and provide several characterizations. Among other things, we generalize Ghys's theorem for modular knots around any "missing" torus knot

K_{p, q}

in

S^{3}

and in a lens space.

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