Triangle groups, automorphic forms, and torus knots

DOI10.4171/LEM/59-1-3MaRDI QIDQ386101zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors V. V. Tsanov

Publication date 13 December 2013

Published in L'Enseignement Mathématique. 2e Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1011.0461

zbMATH Keywords

singularities of plane curvestorus knot complementstriangle Fuchsian group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singularities of curves, local rings (14H20) Fuchsian groups and their generalizations (group-theoretic aspects) (20H10) Automorphic forms in several complex variables (32N10)

Abstract: This paper's theme is the relation between several classical and well-known objects: triangle Fuchsian groups, quasi-homogeneous singularities of plane curves, torus knot complements in the 3-sphere. Torus knots are the only nontrivial knots whose complements admit transitive Lie group actions. In fact S^3K_{p,q} is diffeomorphic to a coset space of the universal covering group of PSL_2(R) with respect to a discrete subgroup G contained in the preimage of a (p,q,infty)-triangle Fuchsian group. The existence of such a diffeomorphism between is known from a general topological classification of Seifert fibred 3-manifolds. Our goal is to construct an explicit diffeomorphism using automorphic forms. Such a construction is previously known for the trefoil knot K_{2,3} and in fact S^3K_{2,3} = SL_2(R)/SL_2(Z). The connection between the two sides of the diffeomorphism comes via singularities of plane curves.

Review text

Summary: This article is concerned with the relation between several classical and well-known objects: triangle Fuchsian groups, \(\mathbb{C}^\times\)-equivariant singularities of plane curves, torus knot complements in the 3-sphere. The prototypical example is the modular group \(\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\): the quotient of the nonzero tangent bundle on the upper-half plane by the action of \(\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) is biholomorphic to the complement of the plane curve \(z^3- 27w^2= 0\). This can be shown using the fact that the algebra of modular forms is doubly generated, by \(g_2\), \(g_3\), and the cusp form \(\Delta= g^3_2- 27g^2_3\) does not vanish on the half-plane. As a byproduct, one finds a diffeomorphism between \(\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})/\text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) and the complement of the trefoil knot -- the local knot of the singular curve. This construction is generalized to include all \((p,q,\infty)\)-triangle groups and, respectively, curves of the form \(z^q+ w^p= 0\) and \((p,q)\)-torus knots, for \(p\), \(q\) co-prime. The general case requires the use of automorphic forms on the simply connected group \(\widetilde{\text{SL}}_2(\mathbb{R})\). The proof uses ideas of Milnor and Dolgachev, which they introduced in their studies of the spectra of the algebras of automorphic forms of cocompact triangle groups (and, more generally, uniform lattices). It turns out that the same approach, with some modifications, allows one to handle the cuspidal case.

Recommendations

• Automorphic forms for triangle groups
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Cited in

(7)

• Modular knots, automorphic forms, and the Rademacher symbols for triangle groups
• Triangle groups: automorphic forms and nonlinear differential equations
• Automorphic forms for triangle groups
• Commutator subgroups of generalized Hecke and extended generalized Hecke groups,II
• Power and free normal subgroups of generalized Hecke groups
• Commutator subgroups of the power subgroups of generalized Hecke groups
• Automorphic forms for triangle groups: integrality properties

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