Pattern formation and front stability for a moving-boundary model of biological invasion and recession

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSD.2022.133593zbMATH Open1505.35034arXiv2207.03053OpenAlexW4309903990WikidataQ120434121 ScholiaQ120434121MaRDI QIDQ2111736FDOQ2111736

Alexander K. Y. Tam, Matthew J. Simpson

Publication date: 17 January 2023

Published in: Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We investigate pattern formation in a two-dimensional (2D) Fisher--Stefan model, which involves solving the Fisher--KPP equation on a compactly-supported region with a moving boundary. By combining the Fisher--KPP and classical Stefan theory, the Fisher--Stefan model alleviates two limitations of the Fisher--KPP equation for biological populations. In this work, we investigate whether the 2D Fisher--Stefan model predicts pattern formation, by analysing the linear stability of planar travelling wave solutions to sinusoidal transverse perturbations. Planar fronts of the Fisher--KPP equation are linearly stable. Similarly, we demonstrate that invading planar fronts ($c>0$) of the Fisher--Stefan model are linearly stable to perturbations of all wave numbers. However, our analysis demonstrates that receding planar fronts ($c<0$) of the Fisher--Stefan model are linearly unstable for all wave numbers. This is analogous to unstable solutions for planar solidification in the classical Stefan problem. Introducing a surface tension regularisation stabilises receding fronts for short-wavelength perturbations, giving rise to a range of unstable modes and a most unstable wave number. We supplement linear stability analysis with level-set numerical solutions that corroborate theoretical results. Overall, front instability in the Fisher--Stefan model suggests a new mechanism for pattern formation in receding biological populations.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.03053

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zbMATH Keywords

linear stability analysisreaction-diffusionStefan problemlevel-set methodtravelling wave solutionFisher-KPP equation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Pattern formations in context of PDEs (35B36) Traveling wave solutions (35C07) Reaction-diffusion equations (35K57) Moving boundary problems for PDEs (35R37)

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Cited In (4)

• Patchy, not patchy, or how much patchy? Classification of spatial patterns appearing in a model of biological invasion
• Front stability of infinitely steep travelling waves in population biology
• Survival, extinction, and interface stability in a two-phase moving boundary model of biological invasion
• AGGREGATIVE MOVEMENT AND FRONT PROPAGATION FOR BI-STABLE POPULATION MODELS

Uses Software

• DifferentialEquations.jl
• NeuralPDE.jl

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