Product type potential on the one-dimensional lattice systems: selection of maximizing probability and a large deviation principle
Dynamical systems and their relations with probability theory and stochastic processes (37A50) Lattice dynamics and infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L60) Large deviations (60F10) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)
One of the main results that the author proves is the existence of an equilibrium probability measure for a one-dimensional lattice system. More precisely, consider the set of functions \(\Omega=[0,1]^{\mathbb{N}}\) from the natural numbers to the closed interval \([0,1]\). Here \(\mathbb{N}=\{1,2,3,\dots\}\). A real-valued function \(f:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}\) is assumed to take the form \(f(x_1,x_2,\dots)=\sum^\infty_{j=1}f_j(x_j)\), where each real-valued function \(f_j:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}\) is Lipschitz continuous with Lipschitz constant being less than \(\frac{1}{2^j}\) and periodic, \(f_j(0)=f_j(1)\). Consider the real-valued function defined as \(F(a)=f(a,a,a,\dots)\) with some differentiability conditions (please see the conditions in Theorem 7). This is assumed to achieve maximum value at one point \(a_1\). Define the probability measure \[\tilde{\mu}_{0,\beta}=\frac{e^{\beta F(a)}}{\int_0^1e^{\beta F(a)}da}da\] on the closed interval \([0,1]\) and the probability measure \(\tilde{\mu}_\beta=\bigotimes^\infty_{i=1}\tilde{\mu}_{0,\beta}\) on \(\Omega\). Then the author proves the following two results: (1) There holds: \[\lim\limits_{\beta\to+\infty}\tilde{\mu}_\beta\bigoplus^\infty_{i=1}\delta_{a_1};\] (2) There holds: \[\sum^\infty_{j=1}f_j(a_1)=\max\limits_{\mu\in\mathcal{M}_\sigma}\int_{\Omega}fd\mu,\] where \(\mathcal{M}_\sigma\) is the set of invariant probability measures with respect to \(\sigma:\Omega\to\Omega\), \(\sigma(x_1,x_2,\dots)=(x_2,x_3,\dots)\). The ideas of the proofs are as follows. Regarding statement (1), since the function \(F(a)\) achieves its maximum at one point \(a_1\) as \(\beta\to+\infty\), the support for the probability measure \(\tilde{\mu}_{0,\beta}\) gets concentrated near \(a_1\), and in the limit \(\beta\to+\infty\), one gets the Dirac delta function \(\delta_{a_1}\). Regarding statement (2), the assumptions on the function \(f(x_1,x_2,\dots)\) and statement (1) imply the conditions of Theorem 5 in [\textit{A. O. Lopes} et al., Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 35, No. 6, 1925--1961 (2015; Zbl 1352.37090)], that in turn implies statement (2).
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