Spectral Picard-Vessiot fields for algebro-geometric Schrödinger operators

Abstract: This work is a galoisian study of the spectral problem

L P s i = l a m b d a P s i

, for algebro-geometric second order differential operators

L

, with coefficients in a differential field, whose field of constants

C

is algebraically closed and of characteristic zero. Our approach regards the spectral parameter

l a m b d a

an algebraic variable over

C

, forcing the consideration of a new field of coefficients for

L - l a m b d a

, whose field of constants is the field

C (G a m m a)

of the spectral curve

G a m m a

. Since

C (G a m m a)

is no longer algebraically closed, the need arises of a new algebraic structure, generated by the solutions of the spectral problem over

G a m m a

, called "Spectral Picard-Vessiot field" of

L - l a m b d a

. An existence theorem is proved using differential algebra, allowing to recover classical Picard-Vessiot theory for each

l a m b d a = l a m b d a_{0}

. For rational spectral curves, the appropriate algebraic setting is established to solve

L P s i = l a m b d a P s i

analitically and to use symbolic integration. We illustrate our results for Rosen-Morse solitons.

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