Abundance of independent sequences in compact spaces and Boolean algebras

Consistency and independence results (03E35) Stone spaces (Boolean spaces) and related structures (06E15) Nonseparable Banach spaces (46B26) Compactness in Banach (or normed) spaces (46B50) Embedding (54C25) Compactness (54D30)

Abstract: It follows from a theorem of Rosenthal that a compact space is

c c c

if and only if every Eberlein continuous image is metrizable. Motivated by this result, for a class of compact spaces

m a t h c a l C

we define its orthogonal

m a t h c a l C^{p} e r p

as the class of all compact spaces for which every continuous image in

m a t h c a l C

is metrizable. We study how this operation relates classes where centeredness is scarce with classes where it is abundant (like Eberlein and

c c c

compacta), and also classes where independence is scarce (most notably weakly Radon-Nikod'ym compacta) with classes where it is abundant. We study these problems for zero-dimensional compact spaces with the aid of Boolean algebras and show the main difficulties arising when passing to the general setting. Our main results are the constructions of several relevant examples.

Review text

Let \(\mathcal{C}\) be a class of compact spaces. By \(\mathcal{C}^{\perp}\) is denoted the orthogonal class of \(\mathcal{C}\), whose elements are those compact spaces \(K\) such that every continuous image of \(K\) that belongs to \(\mathcal{C}\) is metrizable. The aim of the paper under review is to study the orthogonal class of several well-known classes of compact spaces (denoted by capital letters). In particular, the article can be split in three main parts. In the first part the authors deal with centeredness. It is shown that the class of compact spaces satisfying the countable chain condition (CCC) is the orthogonal class of the following classes of compact spaces: uniformly Eberlein, Eberlein, Talagrand and Gul'ko (Proposition~9). Moreover, Martin's axiom MA\(_{\omega_1}\) is equivalent to CCC=CORSON\(^{\perp}\) (Proposition~13). The second part is devoted to the classes of Radon-Nikodým, weakly Radon-Nykodým and the class of weakly Radon-Nikodým Boolean algebras denoted by RN, WRN and WRN(B), respectively. Among others it is proved that dyadic compact spaces are contained in WRN\(^{\perp}\) (Proposition~20). If MA\(_{\omega_1}\) does not hold, then there exists a nonmetrizable zero-dimensional compact space in CORSON \(\cap\) WRN(B)\(^{\perp}\) (Corollary~27). The class WRN(B)\(^{\perp}\setminus\)WRN\(^{\perp}\) contains zero-dimensional compact spaces (Corollary~32). In the final section, the class of zero-dimensional compact spaces have been investigated. The class ZERO-DIMENSIONAL\(^{\perp}\) is characterized by compact spaces containing at most countably many different clopens (Lemma~33). It is also proved that it is consistent with Martin's axiom and the negation of the continuum hypothesis that there exists a weakly Radon-Nikodým nonmetrizable compact space in ZERO-DIMENSIONAL\(^{(\perp)}\) (Corollary~39). The symbol \(\mathcal{C}^{(\perp)}\) denotes the class of those compact spaces \(K\) such that every continuous image of any closed subspace of \(K\) that belongs to \(\mathcal{C}\) is metrizable. In Lemma~7 it is shown that \(\mathcal{C}^{(\perp)}\) coincides with the class of hereditarily \(\mathcal{C}^{\perp}\) compact spaces.

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