Counting twisted sheaves and S-duality

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2022.108332MaRDI QIDQ2126010zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 April 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04241

\(K3\) surface S-duality twisted Higgs sheaves twisted sheaves Vafa-Witten theory

Applications of vector bundles and moduli spaces in mathematical physics (twistor theory, instantons, quantum field theory) (14D21) (K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28)

Abstract: We provide a definition of Tanaka-Thomas's Vafa-Witten invariants for 'etale gerbes over smooth projective surfaces using the moduli spaces of

m u_{r}

-gerbe twisted sheaves and Higgs sheaves. Twisted sheaves and their moduli are naturally used to study the period-index theorem for the corresponding

m u_{r}

-gerbe in the Brauer group of the surfaces. Deformation and obstruction theory of the twisted sheaves and Higgs sheaves behave like general sheaves and Higgs sheaves. We define virtual fundamental classes on the moduli spaces and define the twisted Vafa-Witten invariants using virtual localization and the Behrend function on the moduli spaces. As applications for the Langlands dual group

S U (r) / z z_{r}

of

S U (r)

, we define the

S U (r) / z z_{r}

-Vafa-Witten invariants using the twisted invariants for 'etale gerbes, and prove the S-duality conjecture of Vafa-Witten for the projective plane in rank two and for K3 surfaces in prime ranks. We also conjecture for other surfaces.

Review text

In this paper, the author studies the S-duality conjecture of C. Vafa and E. Witten via twisted sheaves and twisted Higgs sheaves. Let \(S\) be a smooth projective complex surface. The S-duality conjecture of Vafa and Witten predicts a modular transformation between the \(\text{SU}(r)\) partition function of the surface \(S\) and the partition function for the Langlands dual group \(\text{SU}(r)/{\mathbb{Z}}_r\). Mathematically, by utilizing the moduli space of Higgs airs on the surface \(S\), Y. Tanaka and R. P. Thomas have defined and investigated the \(\text{SU}(r)\) partition function. The main goals of the present paper are to construct the \(\text{SU}(r)/{\mathbb{Z}}_r\)-Vafa-Witten invariants by generalizing the approach of Tanaka and Thomas, and to partially verify the S-duality conjecture of Vafa and Witten. The key ideas are to use the moduli space of \(\mu_r\)-gerbe twisted sheaves and Higgs sheaves, to investigate the obstruction theory of these moduli spaces, and to define the twisted Vafa-Witten invariants via the virtual fundamental class, virtual localization, the wall crossing formula of Joyce and Song, and the Behrend function. Section 2 reviews the basic material of algebraic stacks, Deligne-Mumford stacks and gerbes. Section 3 contains the definitions of the moduli spaces of gerbe twisted semistable sheaves and semistable Higgs sheaves. Section 4 is devoted to the perfect obstruction theory of these moduli space and to the definition of the twisted Vafa-Witten invariants. In Section 5, the author defines the Joyce-Song twisted stable pairs, the generalized twisted Vafa-Witten invariants, and the \(\text{SU}(r)/{\mathbb{Z}}_r\)-Vafa-Witten invariants. In addition, when the surface \(S\) is the complex projective plane, the S-duality conjecture is verified in the case of rank two. Section 6 proves the S-duality conjecture for \(K3\) surfaces in the case of prime ranks.

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