Uniform distribution of the weighted sum-of-digits functions
One can begin with authors' abstract: ``The higher-dimensional generalization of the weighted \(q\)-adic sum-of-digits functions \(s_{q, \gamma}(n)\), \(n =0, 1, 2,\dots,\) covers several important cases of sequences investigated in the theory of uniformly distributed sequences, e.g., \(d\)-dimensional van der Corput-Halton or \(d\)-dimensional Kronecker sequences. We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for the higher-dimensional weighted \(q\)-adic sum-of-digits functions to be uniformly distributed modulo one in terms of a trigonometric product. As applications of our condition we prove some upper estimates of the extreme discrepancies of such sequences, and that the existence of distribution function \(g(x)= x\) implies the uniform distribution modulo one of the weighted \(q\)-adic sum-of-digits function \(s_{q, \gamma}(n)\), \(n =0, 1, 2,\dots,\). We also prove the uniform distribution modulo one of related sequences \(h_{1 s_{q, \gamma}} (n)+h_{2 s_{q, \gamma}} (n +1)\), where \(h_1\) and \(h_2\) are integers such that \(h_1 + h_2 \neq 0\) and that the akin two-dimensional sequence \((s_{q, \gamma} (n), s_{q, \gamma} (n +1))\) cannot be uniformly distributed modulo one if \(q \geq 3\). The properties of the two-dimensional sequence \((s_{q, \gamma} (n), s_{q, \gamma} (n +1))\), \(n=0,1,2,\dots,\) will be instrumental in the proofs of the final section, where we show how the growth properties of the sequence of weights influence the distribution of values of the weighted sum-of-digits function which in turn imply a new property of the van der Corput sequence. The special attention is given to explanations of the main notions and to examples of certain sequences. For example, uniformly distributed mod \(1\) \(d\)-dimensional vectors and the weighted \(q\)-adic sum-of-digits function, the (extreme) discrepancy of a finite sequence and an asymptotic distribution function, the \(d\)-dimensional van der Corput-Halton and Halton-Kronecker sequences, as well as the \(d\)-dimensional Kronecker sequence, etc., are noted. Also, Pillichshammer's problem is considered. The main and auxiliary results are proven with explanations. The main techniques of proofs are described.
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