Entire solutions of binomial differential equations
binomial differential equationentire functionmeromorphic functionNevanlinna theorynonlinear differential equation
Value distribution of meromorphic functions of one complex variable, Nevanlinna theory (30D35) Nonlinear ordinary differential equations and systems in the complex domain (34M04) Entire and meromorphic solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M05) Oscillation, growth of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M10)
\textit{W. K. Hayman} [Ann. Math. (2) 70, 9--42 (1959; Zbl 0088.28505)] has shown that if \(f\) is a meromorphic function such that \(f\) and \(f\) have only finitely many zeros and poles, then \(f(z)=R(z)e^{P(z)}\), where \(R(z)\) is a rational function and \(P(z)\) is a polynomial, and that of these the only functions for which \(f\) and \(f\) have no zeros are \(e^{az+b}\) and \((az + b)^{-n}\), where \(n\) is a positive integer and \(a\), \(b\) are constants. Hayman also noted that if \(f\) has no zeros, then \(f=1 / g\) where \(g\) is an entire function, and \[ f^{\prime \prime}=\frac{2\left(g^{\prime}\right)^{2}-g g^{\prime \prime}}{g^{3}}. \] This leads to the question of when can the differential polynomial \(2\left(g^{\prime}\right)^{2}-g g^{\prime \prime}\) have no zeros if \(g\) is entire? In the paper under review the authors give explicit forms of all the entire solutions of \[ f f^{\prime \prime}-a(z)\left(f^{\prime}\right)^{2}=b(z) e^{2 c(z)}, \] where \(a(z)\), \(b(z)\), \(c(z)\) are polynomials such that \(b(z)\not\equiv 0\) and \(c(z)\) is non-constant. The paper is concluded with observations and open questions on certain binomial differential equations related to the equation above.
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