On the dynamics of the roots of polynomials under differentiation

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2022.04.001MaRDI QIDQ2136290zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yanyan Li

Publication date 10 May 2022

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06921

zbMATH Keywords

regularitynonlocal operatorswell-posednesstransport equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Integro-partial differential equations (35R09) Real polynomials: location of zeros (26C10) Transport equations (35Q49)

Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of a nonlinear and nonlocal parabolic equation introduced by Stefan Steinerberger to study the roots of polynomials under differentiation; it also appeared in a work by Dimitri Shlyakhtenko and Terence Tao on free convolution. Rafael Granero-Belinch'on obtained a global well-posedness result for positive initial data small enough in a Wiener space, and recently Alexander Kiselev and Changhui Tan proved a global well-posedness result for any positive initial data in the Sobolev space $H^s(mathbbS)$ with $s>3/2$. In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem in the critical space $H^{1/2}(mathbbS)$. Two interesting new features, at this level of regularity, are that the equation can be written in the form ${\displaystyle }$ partial_t u+Vpartial_x u+gamma Lambda u=0, ${\displaystyle }$ where $gamma$ is non-negative but not bounded from below and $V/sqrtgamma$ is not bounded. Therefore, the equation is only weakly parabolic. We prove that nevertheless the Cauchy problem is well posed locally in time and that the solutions are smooth for positive times. Combining this with the results of Kiselev and Tan, this gives a global well-posedness result for any positive initial data in $H^{1/2}(mathbbS)$. Our proof relies on sharp commutator estimates and introduces a strategy to prove a local well-posedness result in a situation where the lifespan depends on the profile of the initial data and not only on its norm.

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Cited in

(8)

• Endpoint Sobolev theory for the Muskat equation
• Global solutions to the tangential Peskin problem in 2-D
• On a nonlocal differential equation describing roots of polynomials under differentiation
• A nonlocal transport equation describing roots of polynomials under differentiation
• A nonlocal transport equation modeling complex roots of polynomials under differentiation
• Anti-concentration applied to roots of randomized derivatives of polynomials
• Almost sure behavior of the zeros of iterated derivatives of random polynomials
• Global regularity for a nonlocal PDE describing evolution of polynomial roots under differentiation

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