Endpoint Sobolev theory for the Muskat equation
Cauchy problemexistence resultfractional porous media equationfree surfaceMuskat equationnull-type structureTriebel-Lizorkin spaceweighted fractional Laplacian
Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Uniqueness problems for PDEs: global uniqueness, local uniqueness, non-uniqueness (35A02) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) PDEs in connection with fluid mechanics (35Q35) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Other free boundary flows; Hele-Shaw flows (76D27) Flows in porous media; filtration; seepage (76S05) Liquid-liquid two component flows (76T06)
The authors assume that the interface between two 2D fluids is a graph of the form \(\Sigma (t)=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\); \(y=f(t,x)\}\), \(t\geq 0\), the evolution equation of the free surface elevation \(f\) being written according to the formulation proposed by \textit{D. Córdoba} and \textit{F. Gancedo} [Commun. Math. Phys. 273, No. 2, 445--471 (2007; Zbl 1120.76064)] as the Muskat equation \(\partial_{t}f=\frac{1}{\pi}pv\int_{\mathbb{R}} \frac{\partial_{x}\Delta_{\alpha}f}{1+(\Delta_{\alpha}f)^{2}}d\alpha\), where \(pv\) denotes a principal value integral and \(\Delta_{\alpha}f(t,x)= \frac{f(t,x)-f(t,x-\alpha)}{\alpha}\). The main result of the paper proves that for any initial data \(f_{0}\) in \(H^{\frac{3}{2}}(\mathbb{R})\), there exists a time \(T>0\) such that the Cauchy problem associated to the Muskat equation has a unique solution \(f\) in the space \(X^{\frac{3}{2}}(T)=\{f\in C^{0}[0,T];H^{\frac{3}{2}}(\mathbb{R})\); \(\int_{0}^{T}\int_{\mathbb{R}}\frac{ (\partial_{xx}f)^{2}}{1+(\partial_{x}f)^{2}}dxdt<\infty \}\). Moreover, the authors prove the existence of a positive constant \(\varepsilon_{0}\) such that, for any initial data \(f_{0}\in H^{\frac{3}{2}}(\mathbb{R})\) satisfying \(\|f_{0}\|_{\dot{H}^{\frac{3}{2}}}\leq \varepsilon_{0}\), this Cauchy problem has a unique global solution \(f\) in \(X^{\frac{3}{2}}(+\infty)\). Here \(\|u\|_{\dot{H}^{\sigma}}= \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{\mathbb{R}}|\xi |^{2\sigma}|\widehat{u}(\xi)|^{2}d\xi\), where \(\widehat{u}\) is the Fourier transform of \(u\). A key step of the proof consists to verify the inequality \(\frac{d}{dt}\|f\|_{\dot{H}^{\frac{3}{2}}}+\int_{\mathbb{R}}\frac{(\partial_{xx}f)^{2}}{1+(\partial_{x}f)^{2}} dx\lesssim (\|f\|_{\dot{H}^{\frac{3}{2}}}+\|f\|_{\dot{H}^{\frac{3}{2}}}^{2})\|f\|_{\dot{H}^{2}}\), without imposing further hypotheses on the initial data \(f_{0}\). The authors here analyze the null-type structure associated to the Muskat equation, using Minkowski's inequality, Riesz potentials, Hilbert transform, Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, and their properties. The authors recall properties of weighted fractional Laplacians they introduced in their previous works and they define the notion of admissible weight \(\kappa\) involved in special functions \(\phi :[0,\infty)\rightarrow \lbrack 1,\infty)\) defined as \(\phi (\lambda)=\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{1-\cos(h)}{h^{2}}\kappa (\frac{\lambda}{h})dh\), for \(\lambda \geq 0\). They prove that for all \(f_{0}\) in \(H^{\frac{3}{2}}( \mathbb{R})\), there exists an admissible weight \(\kappa\) satisfying \(\lim_{r\rightarrow +\infty}\kappa (r)=\infty\) and such that \(f_{0}\) belongs to \(\mathcal{H}^{\frac{3}{2},\phi}(\mathbb{R})=\{f\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R}):|D|^{s,\phi}f\in L^{2}(\mathbb{R})\}\), where \(|D|^{s,\phi}\) is the Fourier multiplier with symbol \(|\xi |^{s}\phi (|\xi |)\), and an existence result for the Cauchy problem associated to the Muskat problem in this framework.
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- Paralinearization of free boundary problems in fluid dynamics
- Global well-posedness for the one-phase Muskat problem in 3D
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