Steady-state solutions for the Muskat problem

In this paper, the author analyzes the existence of stationary solutions \(z=(z_1,z_2)\) for the Muskat problem with a large surface tension coefficient. Namely, it is considered the unstable case in which the heavier fluid is above the other one and the following initial conditions are imposed: \[ z(0)=(0,0)\text{ and } z'(0)=(-\alpha,1),\quad\alpha>0. \] Assuming the conditions, the solution curve \(z\) can be written as the graph of a function, \(z(y)=(h(y),y))\) where \(h\) solves \[ -\frac{h}{(1+h'^2)^{3/2}}+\lambda y=0,\quad h(0)=0,\quad h'(0)=-\alpha. \] Then, denoting by \(B\) the beta function, and based on some estimates found in [\textit{M. Ehrnström} et al., Methods Appl. Anal. 20, No. 1, 33--46 (2013; Zbl 1291.34042)], the author is able to prove the existence of a \(\lambda^\ast>0\) such that for all \[ \lambda\in \left(\lambda^\ast,\tfrac{1}{2\pi^2}B^2(3/4,1/2)\right] \] there exists a stationary \(2\pi\)-periodic solution of the Muskat problem that does not self-intersect. Moreover, if \(\lambda<\lambda^\ast\), no periodic solutions can arise. Finally, some numerical experiments are done analyzing the length of the interval \((\lambda^\ast,\frac{1}{2\pi^2}B^2(3/4,1/2))\).

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