On spectral gaps of growth-fragmentation semigroups in higher moment spaces

Perturbation theory of linear operators (47A55) Positive linear operators and order-bounded operators (47B65) One-parameter semigroups and linear evolution equations (47D06) Integro-differential operators (47G20)

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Consider the equation \[ u'_t(x,t)+(r(x)u(x,t))'_x+a(x)u(x,t)=\int_x^{+\infty}a(y) b(x,y)u(y,t)\,du,\ x,t>0, \] provided \(a\in L_{loc}^1(\mathbb{R}_+)\), \(\int_0^y xb(x,y)\,dx=y\), \(r\in C(\mathbb{R}_+)\), \(r(x)>0\) and \(b(x,y)=0\) if \(x\geq y\). Two cases are considered: \begin{itemize} \item[(1.)] \(\int_0^1 r^{-1}(\tau)\,d\tau<+\infty\), \(\int_1^\infty r^{-1}(\tau)\,d\tau=+\infty\), \item[(2.)] \(\int_0^1 r^{-1}(\tau)\,d\tau=+\infty\), \(\int_1^\infty r^{-1}(\tau)\,d\tau=+\infty\). \end{itemize} For the second case, the equation is complemented with the boundary condition \(\lim_{y\to0}r(y)u(y,t)=0\). In the second case, it is proved that the equation generates a \(C_0\)-semigroup \(V(t)\) in the space \(X_\alpha=L^1(\mathbb{R},x^\alpha\, dx)\) having a specral gap, i.e., \(r_{\operatorname{ess}}(V(t))<r_\sigma(V(t))\). Here, \(r_{\operatorname{ess}}\) is the essential spectral radius and \(r_\sigma\) is the spectral radius. In the first case, it is proved that in the space \(X_{0,\alpha}=L^1(\mathbb{R}_+,(1+x)^\alpha\, dx)\) the equation generates a \(C_0\)-semigroup \(V(t)\) possessing the spectral gap property. Some examples are given.

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