Five-dimensional gauge theories and the local B-model

DOI10.1007/S11005-022-01538-XMaRDI QIDQ2145607zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Andrea Brini, Kento Osuga

Publication date 17 June 2022

Published in Letters in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.11638

zbMATH Keywords

geometric engineeringinstantonsintegrable systemsPicard-FuchsSeiberg-Witten

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of vector bundles and moduli spaces in mathematical physics (twistor theory, instantons, quantum field theory) (14D21) Topology of surfaces (Donaldson polynomials, Seiberg-Witten invariants) (14J80) Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, Frobenius manifolds (53D45) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30)

Abstract: We propose an effective framework for computing the prepotential of the topological B-model on a class of local Calabi--Yau geometries related to the circle compactification of five-dimensional $mathcalN=1$ super Yang--Mills theory with simple gauge group. In the simply-laced case, we construct Picard--Fuchs operators from the Dubrovin connection on the Frobenius manifolds associated to the extended affine Weyl groups of type $mathrmADE$. In general, we propose a purely algebraic construction of Picard--Fuchs ideals from a canonical subring of the space of regular functions on the ramification locus of the Seiberg--Witten curve, encompassing non-simply-laced cases as well. We offer several precision tests of our proposal. Whenever a candidate spectral curve is known from string theory/brane engineering, we perform non-perturbative comparisons with the gauge theory prepotentials obtained from the K-theoretic blow-up equations, finding perfect agreement. We also employ our formalism to rule out some proposals from the theory of integrable systems of Seiberg--Witten geometries for non-simply laced gauge groups.

Review text

Five-dimensional supersymmetric gauge theories play an important role in both low-energy descriptions of 5d SCFTs and non-trivial quantum field theories which can be engineered by M-theory compactification on a Calabi-Yau 3-fold. In this paper, the authors propose a powerful method to compute prepotential for five-dimensional \(N = 1\) gauge theories on a circle with simple gauge groups. They put forward a systematic construction of Picard-Fuchs operators(i.e. operator generalizations of Picard-Fuchs equations) which annihilating the period integrals of the Seiberg-Witten curve. The method using Picard-Fuchs equations was known for toric Calabi-Yau 3-folds corresponding to the gauge theories with SU gauge groups. This paper aims to extend this idea to all the general simple gauge groups. For the simply-laced gauge groups, a beautiful formulation to construct Picard-Fuchs operators from the corresponding Frobenius manifold was established by generalizing the toric cases. As for non-simply laced gauge groups, the generalization is quite non-trivial because the analogous interpretation in terms of Frobenius manifolds is not clear. Moreover, the authors successfully generalized the computational method even for the non-simply-laced cases by focusing on the algebraic structure associated with the Seiberg-Witten curve. The method developed in this paper can be applied to many other known cases of the Seiberg-Witten curves, whose prepotentials were not computed before. For example, it had been believed for a long while that Seiberg-Witten curves for 5d gauge theories could be obtained from the relativistic Toda systems for the corresponding gauge groups. However, the Seiberg-Witten curves for non-simply laced gauge groups which can be predicted from integrable systems as spectral curves turn out to disagree with the correct prepotential computed from Nakajima-Yoshioka's K-theoretic blow-up formula. In conclusion, the paper under review presents a new and significant technique exploring the relationship between Seiberg-Witten prepotential obtained by blow-up formula and prepotential of spectral curve from some certain integrable system. They match well for the cases of ADE and do not match for the cases of BCFG. It is worth mentioning that it shed light on finding the proper integrable systems giving the correct Seiberg-Witten curves for 5d gauge theories with non-simply laced gauge groups.

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Cited in

(12)

• 5d and 6d supersymmetric gauge theories: Prepotentials from integrable systems
• Picard-Fuchs equation and prepotential of five-dimensional SUSY gauge theory compactified on a circle
• No fermionic wigs for BPS attractors in 5 dimensions
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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1787190 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 847005 (Why is no real title available?)
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• Five-dimensional gauge theories and local mirror symmetry.
• Seiberg-Witten curves with \(\mathrm{O}7^\pm\)-planes

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