On the birational motive of hyper-Kähler varieties

(Equivariant) Chow groups and rings; motives (14C15) Algebraic cycles (14C25) Rational and birational maps (14E05) Holomorphic symplectic varieties, hyper-Kähler varieties (14J42) Abelian varieties and schemes (14K99)

Abstract: We introduce a new ascending filtration, that we call the co-radical filtration in analogy with the basic theory of co-algebras, on the Chow groups of pointed smooth projective varieties. In the case of zero-cycles on projective hyper-K"ahler manifolds, we conjecture it agrees with a filtration introduced by Voisin. This is established for moduli spaces of stable objects on K3 surfaces, for generalized Kummer varieties and for the Fano variety of lines on a smooth cubic fourfold. Our overall strategy is to view the birational motive of a smooth projective variety as a co-algebra object with respect to the diagonal embedding and to show in the aforementioned cases the existence of a so-called strict grading whose associated filtration agrees with the filtration of Voisin. As results of independent interest, we upgrade to rational equivalence Voisin's notion of "surface decomposition" and show that the birational motive of some projective hyper-K"ahler manifolds is determined, as a co-algebra object, by the birational motive of a surface. We also relate our co-radical filtration on the Chow groups of abelian varieties to Beauville's eigenspace decomposition.

Review text

The author introduces in a motivic setting, an ascending filtration on the Chow groups CH\(_i(X)\) on a smooth projective variety \(X\) equipped with a unit \(o \in \) CH\(_0(X)\), called the co-radical filtration. Splitting of filtrations on the Chow group of zero-cycles of hyper-Kähler varieties has a motivation from the existence of Bloch-Beilinson filtrations, see [\textit{A. Beauville}, Lond. Math. Soc. Lect. Note Ser. 344, 38--53 (2007; Zbl 1130.14006)]. In the case when the variety \(X\) is birational to one of the following hyper-Kähler varieties of dimension \(2n\): a moduli space of stable sheaves on a \(K3\) surface, the generalized Kummer variety of an abelian surface, or the Fano variety of lines on a smooth cubic fourfold, the author shows that the \(k\)-factor of the co-radical filtration on CH\(_0(X)\) coincides with the group spanned by classes of points supported on a closed subvariety of dimension \(\geq n-k\) such that their points are rationally equivalent to \(X\) (i.e, the \(k\)-factor in the filtration introduced by \textit{C. Voisin} [Prog. Math. 315, 365--399 (2016; Zbl 1352.32010)]. Moreover, just in the case when \(X\) is birational to a moduli space of stable sheaves on a \(K3\) surface, the co-radical filtration corresponds to the filtration in [\textit{J. Shen} et al., Compos. Math. 156, No. 1, 179--197 (2020; Zbl 1436.14071)]. Under the assumption that \(X\) is one of the previous cases, the author proves that the birational Chow motive \(\mathfrak{h}^0(X)\) with rational coefficients admits a co-multiplicative birational Chow-Künneth decomposition that enriches to \(\mathfrak{h}^0(X)\) of a co-algebra grading structure. This new approach induces a natural description in the birational motive \(\mathfrak{h}^0(X)\) of such hyper-Kähler varieties (including also when \(X\) is the LLSvS eightfold) as the birational motive on the surface decomposition of \(X\), as in the sense of [\textit{C. Voisin}, ``Triangle varieties and surface decomposition of hyper-Kähler manifolds, Preprint, \url{arXiv:1810.11848}].

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