A generalized Abhyankar's conjecture for simple Lie algebras in characteristic p>5

DOI10.1007/S00208-021-02269-5MaRDI QIDQ2160199zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Shusuke Otabe, Fabio Tonini, Lei Zhang

Publication date 3 August 2022

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03240

zbMATH Keywords

Abhyankar conjecture inverse Galois problem simple Lie algebras étale covers étale fundamental groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Coverings of curves, fundamental group (14H30) Group schemes (14L15) Modular Lie (super)algebras (17B50)

Abstract: In the present paper, we study a purely inseparable counterpart of Abhyankar's conjecture for the affine line in positive characteristic, and prove its validity for all the finite local non-abelian simple group schemes in characteristic

p > 5

. The crucial point is how to deal with finite local group schemes which cannot be realized as the Frobenius kernel of a smooth algebraic group. Such group schemes appear as the ones associated with Cartan type Lie algebras. We settle the problem for such Lie algebras by making use of natural gradations or filtrations on them.

Review text

The inverse problem of Galois is to find which finite groups can appear as Galois groups of certain spaces. If \(U\) is an affine smooth connected curve over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of positive characteristic \(p\), Abhyankar formulates a conjecture in [\textit{S. Abhyankar}, Am. J. Math. 79, 825--856 (1957; Zbl 0087.03603)] about how the set \(\pi_A^{\text{ét}}(U)\) of groups which appear as quotients of the fundamental étale group \(\pi_1^{\text{ét}}(U)\) of \(U\) looks like. A complete description of the problem for the affine line \(\mathbb{A}_k^1\) was given by \textit{M. Raynaud} [Invent. Math. 116, No. 1--3, 425--462 (1994; Zbl 0798.14013)] stating that \(\pi_A^{\text{ét}}(\mathbb{A}_k^1)\) consists of the set of groupts generated by all their \(p\)-Sylow groups, and by \textit{D. Harbater} [Invent. Math. 117, No. 1, 1--25 (1994; Zbl 0805.14014)] for general \(U\). In [\textit{S. Otabe}, Compos. Math. 154, No. 8, 1633--1658 (2018; Zbl 1402.14063)], a purely inseparable analogue of Abhyankar's conjecture is set, about describing \(\pi_A^{\mathrm{loc}}(U)\), the set of local \(k\)-group schemes appearing as quotients of \(\pi^N(U)\), Nori's fundamental group scheme, settled in the solvable case in [\textit{S. Otabe}, ``An embedding problem for finite local torsors over twisted curves, Math. Nachr. 294, No. 7, 1384--1427 (2021; \url{doi:10.1002/mana.201900091})]. This paper shows (c.f. Theorem 1.4, Corollary 5.7) that, when the characteristic is \(p>5\), \(\pi_A^{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{A}_k^1)\) consists on the set of finite local non-abelian simple \(k\)-group schemes. The strategy of the proof goes over the classification of finite local non-abelian simple group \(k\)-schemes, which turns out to be equivalent to the classification of simple LIe algebras over \(k\) that is completely understood for \(p>3\) and asserts that every simple Lie algebra is either a classical one of types A, B, C, D, E, F, G or of Cartan (Definition 5.1) or Melikian (Section 4.4) type.

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