A generalized Abhyankar's conjecture for simple Lie algebras in characteristic \(p>5\) (Q2160199)

The inverse problem of Galois is to find which finite groups can appear as Galois groups of certain spaces. If \(U\) is an affine smooth connected curve over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of positive characteristic \(p\), Abhyankar formulates a conjecture in [\textit{S. Abhyankar}, Am. J. Math. 79, 825--856 (1957; Zbl 0087.03603)] about how the set \(\pi_A^{\text{ét}}(U)\) of groups which appear as quotients of the fundamental étale group \(\pi_1^{\text{ét}}(U)\) of \(U\) looks like. A complete description of the problem for the affine line \(\mathbb{A}_k^1\) was given by \textit{M. Raynaud} [Invent. Math. 116, No. 1--3, 425--462 (1994; Zbl 0798.14013)] stating that \(\pi_A^{\text{ét}}(\mathbb{A}_k^1)\) consists of the set of groupts generated by all their \(p\)-Sylow groups, and by \textit{D. Harbater} [Invent. Math. 117, No. 1, 1--25 (1994; Zbl 0805.14014)] for general \(U\). In [\textit{S. Otabe}, Compos. Math. 154, No. 8, 1633--1658 (2018; Zbl 1402.14063)], a purely inseparable analogue of Abhyankar's conjecture is set, about describing \(\pi_A^{\mathrm{loc}}(U)\), the set of local \(k\)-group schemes appearing as quotients of \(\pi^N(U)\), Nori's fundamental group scheme, settled in the solvable case in [\textit{S. Otabe}, ``An embedding problem for finite local torsors over twisted curves'', Math. Nachr. 294, No. 7, 1384--1427 (2021; \url{doi:10.1002/mana.201900091})]. This paper shows (c.f. Theorem 1.4, Corollary 5.7) that, when the characteristic is \(p>5\), \(\pi_A^{\mathrm{loc}}(\mathbb{A}_k^1)\) consists on the set of finite local non-abelian simple \(k\)-group schemes. The strategy of the proof goes over the classification of finite local non-abelian simple group \(k\)-schemes, which turns out to be equivalent to the classification of simple LIe algebras over \(k\) that is completely understood for \(p>3\) and asserts that every simple Lie algebra is either a classical one of types A, B, C, D, E, F, G or of Cartan (Definition 5.1) or Melikian (Section 4.4) type.