Graph recovery from incomplete moment information

DOI10.1007/S00365-022-09563-8MaRDI QIDQ2165577zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Didier Henrion, Jean B. Lasserre

Publication date 20 August 2022

Published in Constructive Approximation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.05170, https://hal.laas.fr/hal-02990825

inverse problem moment problem semidefinite programming sparse signals

Approximation by other special function classes (41A30) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05) Linear operators in reproducing-kernel Hilbert spaces (including de Branges, de Branges-Rovnyak, and other structured spaces) (47B32) Linear programming (90C05) Semidefinite programming (90C22) Polynomial optimization (90C23) Signal theory (characterization, reconstruction, filtering, etc.) (94A12)

Abstract: We investigate a class of moment problems, namely recovering a measure supported on the graph of a function from partial knowledge of its moments, as for instance in some problems of optimal transport or density estimation. We show that the sole knowledge of first degree moments of the function, namely linear measurements, is sufficient to obtain asymptotically all the other moments by solving a hierarchy of semidefinite relax-ations (viewed as moment matrix completion problems) with a specific sparsity inducing criterion related to a weighted 1-norm of the moment sequence of the measure. The resulting sequence of optimal solutions converges to the whole moment sequence of the measure which is shown to be the unique optimal solution of a certain infinite-dimensional linear optimization problem (LP). Then one may recover the function by a recent extraction algorithm based on the Christoffel-Darboux kernel associated with the measure. Finally, the support of such a measure supported on a graph is a meager, very thin (hence sparse) set. Therefore the LP on measures with this sparsity inducing criterion can be interpreted as an analogue for infinite-dimensional signals of the LP in super-resolution for (sparse) atomic signals. In data science, it is often relevant to process moments of a signal instead of the signal itself. For complex valued signals, the moments are Fourier coefficients, and many filtering operations are efficiently carried out in the sequence of moments. In numerical approximation algorithms, many operations on real valued signals are more efficiently implemented in their sequence of Chebyshev coefficients [19]. In the moment-SOS hierarchy approach, many nonlinear nonconvex problems are reformulated and solved approximately in the sequence of moments; see [13, 12] and references therein. Once moments or approximate moments have been computed, one is faced with the inverse problem of reconstructing the signal from its moments. The recent work [15] describes an algorithm based on the Christoffel-Darboux kernel, to recover the graph of a function from knowledge of its moments. Its novelty (and distinguishing feature) is to approximate the graph of the function (rather than the function itself) with a semialgebraic function (namely a minimizer of a sum of squares of polynomials) with L 1 and pointwise convergence guarantees for an increasing number of input moments. In

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