Subspace partitions of F_q^n containing direct sums. II: General case
\(q\)-analoguedirect-sum decompositioninteger partitionset partitionsubspace partitionvector space partition
Combinatorial aspects of finite geometries (05B25) Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) Finite partial geometries (general), nets, partial spreads (51E14) Combinatorial structures in finite projective spaces (51E20)
Let \(q\) be a prime power and let \(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n\) denote the \(n\)-dimensional vector space over the finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\). A subspace partition (or equivalently a vector space partition) \(\Pi\) of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n\) is a collection of subspaces of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n\) such that any two subspaces in \(\Pi\) have zero intersection and every nonzero vector in \(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n\) appears in exactly one element of \(\Pi\). A subspace partition \(\Pi\) contains a direct sum if there are \(r\) subspaces \(W_i\in \Pi\) such that \(W_1\oplus\cdots \oplus W_r = \mathbb{F}_{q}^n\) for some \(r\ge 1\). Let \(\mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{D}} (\mathbb{F}_{q}^n)\) be the set of subspace partition of \(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n\) which contain a direct sum. For any positive integer \(n\), let \(\mathbf{n}\) denote a set of size \(n\), \(\mathcal{P}(\mathbf{n})\) denote the collection of set partitions of \(n\), and \(\mathcal{P}(n)\) denote the collection integer partitions of \(n\). In this paper, the authors argue in favor of considering the set \(\mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{D}}(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n)\) to be a valid \(q\)-analogue of \(\mathcal{P}(\mathbf{n})\), and they prove a theorem that gives necessary conditions for a subspace partition to be in \(\mathcal{P}_{\mathcal{D}}(\mathbb{F}_{q}^n)\). This generalizes a result in a previous paper of theirs, concerning subspace partitions containing at most two distinct subspace dimensions. For Part I see [the authors, Discrete Math. 341, No. 7, 1850--1863 (2018; Zbl 1393.51001)].
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