The collapsing geometry of almost Ricci-flat 4-manifolds

DOI10.4171/CMH/481MaRDI QIDQ2179699zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors John Lott

Publication date 13 May 2020

Published in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.06780

zbMATH Keywords

collapsingGromov-Hausdorff limitRicci-flat metrics, Einstein manifold

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25)

Abstract: We consider Riemannian 4-manifolds that Gromov-Hausdorff converge to a lower dimensional limit space, with the Ricci tensor going to zero. Among other things, we show that if the limit space is two dimensional then under some mild assumptions, the limiting four dimensional geometry away from the curvature blowup region is semiflat Kaehler.

Review text

Let \(M\) be a compact 4-manifold that admits a sequence of Riemannian metrics \(\{g_i\}\) with \(\lim \left(\|\text{Ric}(M,g_i)\|_\infty\cdot\text{diam}(M,g_i)^2\right)=0\). That is, \(M\) is almost Ricci-flat. If one fixes an upper diameter bound for the sequence \((M,g_i)\), then one can study the non-collapsing case \(\text{vol}((M,g_i))\ge v>0\), and the collapsed case where \(\text{vol}((M,g_i))\to 0\). Gromov-Hausdorff limits in the non-collapsing case were studied by \textit{M. T. Anderson} [Invent. Math. 102, No. 2, 429--445 (1990; Zbl 0711.53038)], \textit{S. Bando} et al. [Invent. Math. 97, No. 2, 313--349 (1989; Zbl 0682.53045)] and \textit{G. Tian} [Invent. Math. 101, No. 1, 101--172 (1990; Zbl 0716.32019)]. The collapsing case was studied by \textit{J. Cheeger} and \textit{G. Tian} [J. Am. Math. Soc. 19, No. 2, 487--525 (2006; Zbl 1092.53034)]. Suppose now that the manifolds are allowed to vary and let \((M_i,g_i)\) be a sequence of Riemannian 4-manifolds so that for some \(C\in\mathbb{N}\) and \(D<\infty\) the following four conditions hold: (1) \(\chi(M_i)\le C\), (2) \(\text{diam}(M,g_i)\le D\), (3) \(\lim \left\|\text{Ric}(M,g_i)\right\|_\infty=0\), and (4) \(\lim \text{vol}((M,g_i))=0\). The Gromov-Hausdorff limit of a subsequence will converge to a compact metric space \(X\) with Hausdorff dimension less than four. The work of Cheeger and Tian showed that under these conditions the subsequence will experience regions where there is a small curvature blowup and a ``regular region where there are a priori curvature bounds. In particular, the regular regions converge to a subset \(X_{\text{reg}}\subset X\) and the metric completion of a connected component \(B\) of \(X_{\text{reg}}\) consists of adding a finite number of points. The main result of this paper characterizes the geometry of the subsets \(B\) according to their dimension.

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Cited in

(11)

• A note on the collapsing geometry of hyperkähler four manifolds
• Convergence of Riemannian 4-manifolds with L^2-curvature bounds
• A gap theorem for Ricci-flat 4-manifolds
• Kummer-type constructions of almost Ricci-flat 5-manifolds
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• Ricci flows with nilpotent symmetry and zero bundle curvature
• On the long-time behavior of immortal Ricci flows
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