ALF gravitational instantons and collapsing Ricci-flat metrics on the K3 surface

DOI10.4310/JDG/1557281007MaRDI QIDQ2632928zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Lorenzo Foscolo

Publication date 15 May 2019

Published in Journal of Differential Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.06315, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jdg/1557281007

zbMATH Keywords

ALF spacecollapsing hyper-Kähler metricsEguchi-Hanson metricgravitational instanton

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(K3) surfaces and Enriques surfaces (14J28) Hyper-Kähler and quaternionic Kähler geometry, ``special geometry (53C26)

Abstract: We construct large families of new collapsing hyperk"ahler metrics on the K3 surface. The limit space is the quotient of a flat 3-torus by an involution. Away from finitely many exceptional points the collapse occurs with bounded curvature. There are at most 24 exceptional points where the curvature concentrates, which always contains the 8 fixed points of the involution on the 3-torus. The geometry around these points is modelled by ALF gravitational instantons: of dihedral type (Dk) for the fixed points of the involution on the 3-torus and of cyclic type (Ak) otherwise. The collapsing metrics are constructed by deforming approximately hyperk"ahler metrics obtained by gluing ALF gravitational instantons to a background (incomplete) hyperk"ahler metric arising from the Gibbons-Hawking ansatz over a punctured 3-torus. As an immediate application to submanifold geometry, we exhibit hyperk"ahler metrics on the K3 surface that admit a strictly stable minimal sphere which cannot be holomorphic with respect to any complex structure compatible with the metric.

Review text

In this paper the author constructs new collapsing hyper-Kähler metrics on $K3$ surfaces such that the limiting space is a flat Riemannian $3$-orbifold $T^3/{\mathbb Z}_2$. The curvature of these collapsed metrics remains bounded except at most $24$ isolated points. Around these points the resulting metrics can be modeled either by an $A_k$ or by a $D_l$ type asymptotically locally flat (ALF) gravitational instanton. \par More precisely, the author's main result is the following (Theorem 1.1): Every collection of $8$ pieces $M_1,\dots,M_8$ of ALF spaces of $D_k$ type and at most $16$ pieces $N_1,\dots,N_n$ with $1\leqq n\leqq 16$ of ALF spaces of $A_l$ type which together satisfy the topological condition $\sum_{j=1}^8\chi (M_j)+\sum_{i=1}^n\chi (N_i)=24$, arises as bubbles to be formed in a sequence of hyper-Kähler metrics on the $K3$ surface collapsing to $T^3/{\mathbb Z}_2$ with bounded curvature except $8+n$ isolated points. \par The motivation or origin of this construction can be traced back to early works of Gibbons-Pope and Page who constructed approximations of Yau's transcendental Ricci-flat Kähler metric on the $K3$ surface by blowing up the flat $T^4$ in $16$ points and replacing the flat metric at these points by the Eguchi-Hanson, i.e., the $A_2$-type asymptotically locally Euclidean (ALE) metric.

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• Degeneration of ALF \(D_n\) metrics
• Collapsing \(K3\) surfaces and moduli compactification
• The Kapustin-Witten equations on ALE and ALF gravitational instantons
• The collapsing geometry of almost Ricci-flat 4-manifolds
• Minimal surfaces and weak gravity
• Geodesics on a K3 surface near the orbifold limit
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• Gravitational instantons and degenerations of Ricci-flat metrics on the \(K3\) surface
• Nilpotent structures and collapsing Ricci-flat metrics on the K3 surface
• A blow-up formula for stationary quaternionic maps
• Period domains for gravitational instantons
• Families of degenerating Poincaré-Einstein metrics on \(\mathbb{R}^4\)
• Special Lagrangians, Lagrangian mean curvature flow and the Gibbons-Hawking ansatz
• The energy of maps accompanying the collapsing of the K3 surface to a flat 3-dimensional orbifold
• A gluing construction of D_k ALF gravitational instantons and existence of non-holomorphic minimal spheres

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