Coarse relative trace formulae of Jacquet-Rallis

Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) Spectral theory; trace formulas (e.g., that of Selberg) (11F72)

Abstract: We establish the coarse relative trace formulae of Jacquet-Rallis for linear and unitary groups. Both formulae are of the form: a sum of spectral distributions equals a sum of geometric distributions. In order to obtain the spectral decompositions we introduce new truncation operators and we investigate their properties. On the geometric side, by means of the Cayley transform, the decompositions are derived from a procedure of descent to the tangent spaces for which the formulae are known thanks to our previous work.

Review text

Let \(E/F\) be a quadratic extension of number fields and let \(\sigma\) be the generator of the corresponding Galois group. Let \(W\) be a vector space of dimension \(n+1\) over \(F\) so that \(W=V\oplus D\), where \(D\) is one-dimensional. View \(G=\mathrm{GL}(V)\) as a subgroup of \(\widetilde{G}=\mathrm{GL}(W)\) acting trivially on \(D\). Let \(G_E=\text{Res}_{E/F}\mathrm{GL}(V_E)\) and \(\widetilde{G}_E=\text{Res}_{E/F}\mathrm{GL}(W_E)\), where \(V_E=V\otimes_F E\) and \(W_E=W\otimes_F E\). Assume that \(W_E\) is equipped with a \(\sigma\)-Hermitian non-degenerate form \(\widetilde{\Phi}\) so that \(V_E\) and \(D_E\) are orthogonal. Let \(U=U(V_E,\widetilde{\Phi}_{\mid_{V_E}})\) be the corresponding unitary group viewed as a subgroup of \(\widetilde{U}=U(W_E,\widetilde{\Phi})\) acting trivially on \(D_E\). Write \({\mathbb A}\) for the ring of adeles of \(F\), \([G]\) for \(G(F)\backslash G({\mathbb A})\) and \(S_W\subseteq \widetilde{G}_E\) for the \(y\in\widetilde{G}_E\) such that \(y\sigma(y)=1\). Let \(F\in C^\infty_c((G_E\times\widetilde{G}_E)({\mathbb A}))\), \(\chi\) a cuspidal datum of \(G_E\times\widetilde{G}_E\) and \(k_{F,\chi}^T\) the truncated kernel, where \(T\) belongs to a cone. Then one of the main results proved in the paper under review is that for sufficiently regular \(T\), one has: \[\sum_\chi\int\int\int_{[G_E][G][\widetilde{G}]}\mid k_{F,\chi}^T(g,g,h,\widetilde{h})\mid \mid N_{E/F}\text{det} g\mid^\sigma_{\mathbb A}d\widetilde{h}dhdg<\infty\] A coarse relative trace formula of Jacquet-Rallis is actually established for unitary groups. In particular, the author proves the following identity. Let \({\mathcal O}\) be a set of equivalence classes on \(\widetilde{G}_E(F)\) for some equivalence relation defined by the action by conjugation of \(G_E(F)\) on \(\widetilde{G}_E(F)\). There are distributions \(J_\chi\) on \(C_c^\infty((U\times \widetilde{U})({\mathbb A}))\) and \(J_{\mathfrak o}\) on \(C_c^\infty((\widetilde{U}({\mathbb A}))\) such that \[\sum_\chi J_\chi(F)=\sum_{{\mathfrak o}\in{\mathcal O}}J_{\mathfrak o}(\Phi).\]

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