Atiyah class and sheaf counting on local Calabi Yau fourfolds

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Publication:2180888



Abstract: We discuss Donaldson-Thomas (DT) invariants of torsion sheaves with 2 dimensional support on a smooth projective surface in an ambient non-compact Calabi Yau fourfold given by the total space of a rank 2 bundle on the surface. We prove that in certain cases, when the rank 2 bundle is chosen appropriately, the universal truncated Atiyah class of these codimension 2 sheaves reduces to one, defined over the moduli space of such sheaves realized as torsion codimension 1 sheaves in a noncompact divisor (threefold) embedded in the ambient fourfold. Such reduction property of universal Atiyah class enables us to relate our fourfold DT theory to a reduced DT theory of a threefold and subsequently then to the moduli spaces of sheaves on the base surface using results in arXiv:1701.08899 and arXiv:1701.08902 and . We finally make predictions about modularity of such fourfold invariants when the base surface is an elliptic K3.


Let \(Y\) be a smooth quasi-projective variety of dimension \(d-1\), \(d\ge 2\), \(X\) be the total space of the canonical bundle \(K_Y\). Let \(\mathcal M\) be a quasi-projective fine moduli scheme of compactly supported stable sheaves \(F\) on \(X\), and supposed all such sheaves are scheme theoretically supported on \(Y\). There are two natural obstruction theories for \(\mathcal M\): \(a_X : E^\bullet_X\to L^\bullet_{\mathcal M}\) and \(a_Y : E^\bullet_Y\to L^\bullet_{\mathcal M}\) obtained respectively by regarding the sheaves \(F\) parameterized by \(\mathcal M\) as sheaves on \(X\) or on \(Y\). One of the main results of the paper under review finds an explicit relation between these two obstruction theories by showing that \(E^\bullet_X\cong E^\bullet_Y\oplus E^\bullet_Y[1-d]\) and under this \(a_X=(a_Y,0)\). This result is applied to define and study an equivariant reduced Donaldson-Thomas theory for a certain class of Calabi-Yau fourfolds \(X\), which are the total space of \(K_S(D)\oplus \mathcal O_S(-D)\), where \(S\) is a smooth projective surface with torsion free integral cohomology and \(H^1(\mathcal O_S) = 0\), and \(D\) is a nonzero effective divisor on \(S\). The threefold \(Y\) is then the total space of the line bundle \(K_S(D)\) on \(S\), which is canonically embedded in \(X\) as a divisor. The stable sheaves under consideration are compactly supported 2-dimensional and hence are restricted to have their supports vary in \(Y\subset X\). Using the result mentioned above the equivariant reduced DT invariants of \(Y\) are expressed in terms of Vafa-Witten invariants of \(S\). In the case case that \(S\) is an elliptic \(K3\) surface an explicit formula for the generating series of these invariants is conjectured/proven in terms of the discriminant modular form.



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