An exponential lower bound for the degrees of invariants of cubic forms and tensor actions

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2020.107136MaRDI QIDQ2180892zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Visu Makam, Harm Derksen

Publication date 15 May 2020

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.10773

zbMATH Keywords

exponential lower boundsGrosshans principleinvariant ringsmoment map

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Geometric invariant theory (14L24) Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants (15A72) Root systems (17B22) Computational difficulty of problems (lower bounds, completeness, difficulty of approximation, etc.) (68Q17)

Abstract: Using the Grosshans Principle, we develop a method for proving lower bounds for the maximal degree of a system of generators of an invariant ring. This method also gives lower bounds for the maximal degree of a set of invariants that define Hilbert's null cone. We consider two actions: The first is the action of $mSL(V)$ on ${mSym}^3(V{)}^{oplus4}$, the space of $4$-tuples of cubic forms, and the second is the action of $mSL(V)imesmSL(W)imesmSL(Z)$ on the tensor space $(VotimesWotimesZ{)}^{oplus9}$. In both these cases, we prove an exponential lower degree bound for a system of invariants that generate the invariant ring or that define the null cone.

Review text

The motivation of this paper comes from Geometric Complexity Theory, where bounds for the maximal degree in a minimal homogeneous generating system of certain algebras of invariants of reductive algebraic groups play a significant role. As explained in the introduction, it is of interest to understand which invariant rings have degree bound that is polynomial in the dimension of the underlying representation, and which do not. The authors develop a method by which one can get a lower bound for the maximal degree of a system of generators of a ring of invariants of a reductive group from a similar lower bound for a reductive subgroup (in particular, for a maximal torus). The method is then applied to prove a lower bound that is exponential in the dimension of the underlying representation, for the following two types of degree three representations: (1) the representation of the special linear group on the space of quadruples of cubic forms; (2) the representation of \(\mathrm{SL}(V)\times \mathrm{SL}(W)\times \mathrm{SL}(Z)\) on the tensor product space \(V\otimes W\otimes Z\). The method introduced in the paper relies on the Grosshans principle (called also transfer principle), a criterion for closed orbits using the moment map (generalizing a result of Dadok and Kac), and on some standard facts on torus invariants. The paper works over the base field of complex numbers. Challenges that one has to resolve in order to extend the technique to positive characteristic are also discussed.

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(6)

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