Mathematical representation of Clausius' and Kelvin's statements of the second law and irreversibility
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Publication:2183161
DOI10.1007/S10955-020-02556-6zbMATH Open1434.60200arXiv1805.09530OpenAlexW2979849402MaRDI QIDQ2183161FDOQ2183161
Publication date: 26 May 2020
Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: We provide a stochastic mathematical representation for Clausius' and Kelvin-Planck's statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of the entropy productions of a finite, compact driven Markov system and its lift. A surjective map is rigorously established through the lift when the state space is either a discrete graph or a continuous n-dimensional torus T^n. The corresponding lifted processes have detailed balance thus a natural potential function but no stationary probability. We show that in the long-time limit the entropy production of the finite driven system precisely equals the potential energy decrease in the lifted system. This theorem provides a dynamic foundation for the two equivalent statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics, a la Kelvin's and Clausius'. It suggests a modernized, combined statement: "A mesoscopic engine that works in completing irreversible internal cycles statistically has necessarily an external effect that lowering a weight accompanied by passing heat from a warmer to a colder body."
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.09530
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Diffusion processes (60J60) Continuous-time Markov processes on discrete state spaces (60J27) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30)
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- Nonequilibrium in thermodynamic formalism: the second law, gases and information geometry
- A mathematical theorem as the basis for the second law: Thomson's formulation applied to equilibrium
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