Logarithmic forms and singular projective foliations

Infinitesimal methods in algebraic geometry (14B10) Algebraic moduli problems, moduli of vector bundles (14D20) Differentials and other special sheaves; D-modules; Bernstein-Sato ideals and polynomials (14F10) Singularities of holomorphic vector fields and foliations (32S65) Dynamical aspects of holomorphic foliations and vector fields (37F75)

Abstract: In this article we study polynomial logarithmic

q

-forms on a projective space and characterize those that define singular foliations of codimension

q

. Our main result is the algebraic proof of their infinitesimal stability when

q = 2

with some extra degree assumptions. We determine new irreducible components of the moduli space of codimension two singular projective foliations of any degree, and we show that they are generically reduced in their natural scheme structure. Our method is based on an explicit description of the Zariski tangent space of the corresponding moduli space at a given generic logarithmic form. Furthermore, we lay the groundwork for an extension of our stability results to the general case

q g e 2

.

Review text

Logarithmic \(1\)-forms are ubiquitous in the study of codimension one holomorphic foliations. They provide computable examples and their families give rise to irreducible components of moduli spaces of foliations [\textit{O. Calvo-Andrade}, Math. Ann. 299, No. 4, 751--767 (1994; Zbl 0811.58006)]. Much less is known in higher codimension and the article under review sheds some light into this area. It lays down several technical tools to study the space \(\mathcal{L}_q(\mathbf{d}, n)\) of codimension \(q\geq 2\) logarithmic foliations on the projective space \(\mathbb{P}^n\) with a given degree vector \(\mathbf{d} = (d_1, \dots , d_m)\). For \(q=2\) we have the following main result. Theorem. Fix natural numbers \(n, m \in \mathbb{N}_{>3}\), and a \(2\)-balanced vector of degrees \(\mathbf{d} = (d_1, \dots , d_m)\) with \(d = \sum_i d_i\). The variety \(\mathcal{L}_2(\mathbf{d}, n)\) is an irreducible component of the moduli space \(\mathcal{F}_2(d, \mathbb{P}^n)\). Furthermore, the scheme \(\mathcal{F}_2(d, \mathbb{P}^n)\) is generically reduced along this component, in particular at the points of \(\rho(\mathcal{U}_2(\mathbf{d}))\). The proof is based on the explicit computation of the Zariski tangent space via a natural parameterization \(\rho\). The main dificulty is to establish the surjectivity of the derivative of \(\rho\) and here it is used the \(2\)-balanced assumption which is defined as follows: Definition. We say that an \(m\)-tuple of degrees \(\mathbf{d} = (d_1, \dots , d_m)\) is \(k\)-balanced if for each \(I \subset \{1, \dots , m\}\) of size \(|I| = k\), the following inequality holds: \[ \sum_{i\in I} d_i < \sum_{l \notin I} d_l \] The article is well written and very readable despite its technical nature.

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