Shifts of finite type as fundamental objects in the theory of shadowing

DOI10.1007/S00222-019-00936-8MaRDI QIDQ2187246zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jonathan Meddaugh, Chris Good

Publication date 2 June 2020

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.05170

zbMATH Keywords

Mittag-Leffler conditionpseudo-orbit tracingshadowing

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamics in general topological spaces (37B02) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Notions of recurrence and recurrent behavior in topological dynamical systems (37B20) Approximate trajectories, pseudotrajectories, shadowing and related notions for topological dynamical systems (37B65) Topological and differentiable equivalence, conjugacy, moduli, classification of dynamical systems (37C15)

Abstract: Shifts of finite type and the notion of shadowing, or pseudo-orbit tracing, are powerful tools in the study of dynamical systems. In this paper we prove that there is a deep and fundamental relationship between these two concepts. Let $X$ be a compact totally disconnected space and $f:XoX$ a continuous map. We demonstrate that $f$ has shadowing if and only if the system $(f,X)$ is (conjugate to) the inverse limit of a directed system of shifts of finite type. In particular, this implies that, in the case that $X$ is the Cantor set, $f$ has shadowing if and only if $(f,X)$ is the inverse limit of a sequence of shifts of finite type. Moreover, in the general compact metric case, where $X$ is not necessarily totally disconnected, we prove that $f$ has shadowing if and only if $(f,X)$ is a factor of (i.e. semi-conjugate to) the inverse limit of a sequence of shifts of finite type by a quotient that almost lifts pseudo-orbits.

Review text

This paper finds a new link between two fundamental notions in topological dynamics. On the one hand (mixing) shifts of finite type are a rich source of examples and symbolic models for sufficiently hyperbolic systems (hyperbolic toral automorphisms in the work of \textit{R. L. Adler} and \textit{B. Weiss} [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 57, 1573--1576 (1967; Zbl 0177.08002)]; Anosov diffeomorphisms in the work of \textit{Ya. G. Sinai} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 2, 61--82 (1968; Zbl 0182.55003); translation from Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 2, No. 1, 64--89 (1968)]; non-wandering sets of Axiom A diffeomorphisms in the work of \textit{R. Bowen} [Am. J. Math. 92, 725--747 (1970; Zbl 0208.25901)]. A different concept that emerged largely from these works was orbit shadowing (or pseudo-orbit tracing), a property that asserts the existence of a genuine orbit close to a pseudo-orbit in which a small error is permitted at each iteration. This and related notions became important theoretically, in particular in establishing the existence of Markov partitions and in stability theory. One relationship between these two concepts is a result due to \textit{P. Walters} [Lect. Notes Math. 668, 231--244 (1978; Zbl 0403.58019)] showing that a shift space (a closed shift-invariant subset of the set of bi-infinite sequences on a finite alphabet) has the shadowing property if and only if it is of finite type (that is, defined by forbidding a finite set of words). Here a new relationship is found under a much weaker assumption. The main result is that if \(f\colon X\to X\) is a continuous map on a compact, totally disconnected Hausdorff space then the system \((X,f)\) has the shadowing property if and only if it is topologically conjugate to the inverse limit of an inverse system comprising shifts of finite type that satisfies the Mittag-Leffler condition (defined by \textit{A. Grothendieck} [Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 4, 1--228 (1960; Zbl 0118.36206)]).

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Cited in

(31)

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