Generalized hyperbolicity and shadowing in L^p spaces

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2021.06.038MaRDI QIDQ2048580zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Udayan B. Darji, Martina Maiuriello, Emma D'Aniello

Publication date 9 August 2021

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11526

composition operators dissipative systems generalized hyperbolicity hyperbolicity shadowing property

Approximate trajectories, pseudotrajectories, shadowing and related notions for topological dynamical systems (37B65) Dynamical systems with hyperbolic orbits and sets (37D05) Cyclic vectors, hypercyclic and chaotic operators (47A16) Linear composition operators (47B33)

Abstract: It is rather well-known that hyperbolic operators have the shadowing property. In the setting of finite dimensional Banach spaces, having the shadowing property is equivalent to being hyperbolic. In 2018, Bernardes et al. constructed an operator with the shadowing property which is not hyperbolic, settling an open question. In the process, they introduced a class of operators which has come to be known as generalized hyperbolic operators. This class of operators seems to be an important bridge between hyperbolicity and the shadowing property. In this article, we show that for a large natural class of operators on

L^{p} (X)

the notion of generalized hyperbolicity and the shadowing property coincide. We do this by giving sufficient and necessary conditions for a certain class of operators to have the shadowing property. We also introduce computational tools which allow construction of operators with and without the shadowing property. Utilizing these tools, we show how some natural probability distributions, such as the Laplace distribution and the Cauchy distribution, lead to operators with and without the shadowing property on

L^{p} (X)

.

Review text

A linear operator \(T:X\to X\) on a Banach space \(X\) is called hyperbolic if its spectrum does not intersect the unit circle in the complex plane. For invertible \(T\) it is known that this implies the shadowing property, i.e., for all \(\epsilon>0\) there exists a \(\delta>0\) such that every \(\delta\)-pseudo orbit \((x_n)_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}\) (that is, \(\|x_{n+1}-Tx_n\|<\delta\) for all \(n\in{\mathbb Z}\)) of \(T\) is \(\epsilon\)-shadowed by an actual orbit (that is, \(\|x_{n+1}-Tx\|<\epsilon\) for all \(n\in{\mathbb Z}\) with some \(x\in X\)). On finite-dimensional Banach spaces, having the shadowing property is even equivalent to hyperbolicity. However, \textit{N. C. Bernardes jun.} et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 461, No. 1, 796--816 (2018; Zbl 1385.37041)] constructed an operator with the shadowing property which is not hyperbolic, settling an open question, and introduced the class of generalized hyperbolic operators. The present authors establish that for a large class of operators on \(L^p(X)\) the notion of generalized hyperbolicity and the shadowing property indeed coincide. This is done by giving sufficient and necessary conditions for a class of operators to possess the shadowing property. In addition, some computational tools allowing the construction of operators with and without the shadowing property are developed. On this basis of this, it is proved how certain natural probability distributions (Laplace and Cauchy) lead to operators with and without the shadowing property on \(L^p(X)\). This interesting paper closes with three open questions.

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