Complete biconservative surfaces in the hyperbolic space H^3

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Publication:2188505



Abstract: We construct simply connected, complete, non-CMC biconservative surfaces in the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space mathbbH3 in an intrinsic and extrinsic way. We obtain three families of such surfaces, and, for each surface, the set of points where the gradient of the mean curvature function does not vanish is dense and has two connected components. In the intrinsic approach, we first construct a simply connected, complete abstract surface and then prove that it admits a unique biconservative immersion in mathbbH3. Working extrinsically, we use the images of the explicit parametric equations and a gluing process to obtain our surfaces. They are made up of circles (or hyperbolas, or parabolas, respectively) which lie in 2-affine parallel planes and touch a certain curve in a totally geodesic hyperbolic surface mathbbH2 in mathbbH3.


A submanifold \(\varphi:M^m\to (N^n,h)\) is called biconservative, if the tangent part of the bitension field \[ \tau_2(\varphi)=-\Delta^\varphi\tau(\varphi)-\operatorname{trace}_{g}R^N(d\varphi,\tau(\varphi))d\varphi \] vanishes everywhere, where \(g\) is the induced metric on \(M\). Thus, biconservative submanifolds are generalizations of the biharmonic submanifolds which are characterized by the vanishing of \(\tau_2(\varphi)\). Restricting to surfaces in a 3-dimensional space form \(N^3(c)\) of constant section curvature \(c\), the condition of biconservative is equivalent to \[ A(\operatorname{grad} f)=-\frac f2\operatorname{grad} f,\tag{1} \] where \(A\) is the shape operator of the surface \(M\) and \(f=\operatorname{trace}A\) is its mean curvature function. Biconservative surfaces in Euclidean space have been very well studied. Note that Equation (1) implies that CMC surfaces (\(\operatorname{grad}f\equiv 0\)) are trivial examples of biconservative surfaces. In this paper, the authors construct simply connected, complete, non-CMC biconservative surfaces in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space \(\mathbb{H}^3\) in both intrinsic and extrinsic way. The construction is via a gluing process and there are three families of such surfaces. The intrinsic approach is contained in Section 3. The authors first construct a simply connected, complete abstract surface gluing two abstract standard biconservative surfaces and show that it admits a unique biconservative immersion in \(\mathbb{H}^3\). The main existence and uniqueness result of this section is Theorem 3.11. In Section 4, the authors work extrinsically and reobtain the result in Theorem 3.11. The construction is again a gluing process.



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